@article {pmid41765545,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, H and Yin, Y and Cui, X and Dai, W and Dong, J and Wang, X and Duan, G},
title = {Impacts of coal mining on heavy metal concentration and microbial community composition in surrounding soils.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {162},
number = {},
pages = {465-475},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.060},
pmid = {41765545},
issn = {1001-0742},
abstract = {Coal mining activities have been demonstrated to result in substantial environmental contamination, posing severe risks to surrounding soil ecosystems. However, the interaction between microbial community structure and environmental factors in coal mining areas remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the health status of soils and the effects of heavy metals on microbial community structure in coal mining areas through comprehensive soil health assessments and sequencing. Our findings revealed that soils impacted by mining activities exhibited low soil health index values, with health grades ranging from moderate to poor. Active biomarkers including Gemmatimonadota (phylum), Patescibacteria (phylum), and Saccharimonadia were highly enriched in mine soils, with some developing metal tolerance. Additionally, potential pathogenic bacteria, including MND1, Bacillus, and Pannonibacter, and potential pathogenic fungi including Fusarium and Alternaria, showed significantly higher abundance in these soils. Heavy metal concentrations, particularly Cu and As, were strongly correlated with the distribution of certain bacterial genera, alongside variations in soil physicochemical properties, including C/N ratios and organic matter content. These findings demonstrate complex relationships among heavy metal pollution, soil properties, and microbial communities, underlining the potential risks posed by mining activities to soil health and agricultural productivity in affected regions.},
}

@article {pmid41764794,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Zhang, G and Lu, X and Lei, R and Zhou, W and Tian, Y and Lu, Y and Tu, L and Li, S},
title = {Transforming mine dump waste soil into biogeo-composites with vegetation growth regulation function through bio-mediated treatment.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {506},
number = {},
pages = {141630},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141630},
pmid = {41764794},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Valorization of mine waste soils into sustainable materials provides both ecological protection and recycling benefits. This study develops a calcium lignosulfonate (CLS)-enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP)-driven biogeo-composite that simultaneously enhances mechanical stability, regulates hydraulic behavior, and promotes vegetation growth. Laboratory tests demonstrated that CLS-EICP treatment increased shear strength of soils through cohesion enhancement driven by rigid CaCO3 bonding and ductile CLS bridging. Hydraulic conductivity reduced by two orders of magnitude and slaking resistance significantly enhanced. Microstructural analyses confirmed a dense organic-inorganic hybrid network formation, enabling a transition from surface to volumetric cementation and promoting structural densification. Field trials further validated these findings, as biogeo-composite-treated slopes resisted gully erosion, delayed pore water pressure build-up, and maintained overall stability while supporting uniform vegetation growth. These results highlight the dual role of CLS-EICP composites in slope reinforcement and eco-functional regulation, offering a scalable pathway for the valorization of waste soils.},
}

@article {pmid41764240,
year = {2026},
author = {Alice, S and Pierangela, P and Giuseppe, B and Fabio, P and Stefania, P},
title = {Ecosystem structure influences human health outcomes as the basis for green prescriptions.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-40752-8},
pmid = {41764240},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The role of Nature [**][**] in supporting human life, health, and well-being has been recognized and appreciated since ancient times, and has become a topic of scientific investigation with early studies dating back several decades. In recent years, this field has gained renewed attention and methodological refinement, driven by interdisciplinary frameworks and advances in environmental psychology, ecology, and health sciences, including new ecosystem-based approaches that highlight the deep human dependence on Nature for both mental and physical health. Among Nature-based Interventions that aim at exposing people to the natural environment, Green Prescriptions (GRx) represent a promising strategy to address human health challenges in ways that can also support environmental sustainability, in line with the Planetary Health framework. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the specific ecological factors that influence health outcomes during therapeutic activities in natural settings; in particular, it remains unclear how ecosystem structure and functions modulate health responses in individuals. This nine-month pilot study examined the therapeutic efficacy of GRx within a Mediterranean woodland ecosystem, to assess if and how variations in ecosystem structure influence health outcomes in individuals with complex chronic conditions. Using a novel aggregated index to characterize four distinct woodland patches, we identified a gradient in structural complexity where greater ecosystem functionality was consistently associated with greater alleviation of psychological and physical symptoms. Notably, health outcomes were independent of weather conditions and participants' baseline connectedness to Nature, whereas temporal dynamics and the presence of peaks in the productivity of some species influenced both perceptions and physical responses. This underscores the intrinsic role of ecosystem properties and dynamic functions in modulating human health responses, while also suggesting the potential presence of a complex set of signals pervading complex ecosystems that is worth further exploration. The results demonstrated cumulative health benefits, including significant reductions in medication use over time, particularly among individuals with respiratory challenges and chronic pain. Furthermore, participants showed improved environmental awareness and behavior, embracing the interconnectedness principle, which is integral to effective environmental conservation. This study highlights the potential of well-functioning ecosystems to serve as co-effectors in healthcare interventions, advancing the goals of Planetary Health while reinforcing the importance of preserving ecological integrity. (**In this paper, "Nature" is written with a capital "N" to indicate the living biosphere and the abiotic matrices (soil, air, and water) in which life is embedded, including the ecological processes they sustain. This capitalization reflects the scientific perspective of Nature not merely as a passive backdrop, but as an active ecological system that interacts and influences human health. It also avoids confusion with "nature" as the intrinsic quality of a phenomenon**).},
}

@article {pmid41762592,
year = {2026},
author = {Salarzaei, S and Shiri, F and Ahmadi, S},
title = {A global Quasi-SMILES model based on the Monte Carlo algorithm for assessing the multi-organism aquatic ecotoxicity of personal care products.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {312},
number = {},
pages = {119948},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119948},
pmid = {41762592},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Personal care products (PCPs) are widely used for external applications on the body, and their increased consumption has raised concerns about their potential environmental impact, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Evaluating the aquatic ecotoxicity of PCPs is essential, but the process is a long and difficult task. Thus, it is crucial to employ tools for rapid screening. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach can leverage existing data to identify potentially hazardous PCPs quickly. This study uses QSAR models to assess the aquatic ecotoxicity of 159 PCPs across three organisms' algae, crustaceans, and fish providing a broader ecological perspective than traditional methods, which typically focus on a single organism. A QSAR model was implemented using CORAL software, which utilizes the SMILES format to predict aquatic toxicity. However, traditional SMILES do not incorporate experimental context, limiting prediction accuracy. To address this, the Quasi-SMILES method extends the traditional SMILES notation by incorporating experimental conditions related to three key organisms of the aquatic trophic level algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), crustacean (Daphnia magna), and fish (Pimephales promelas) thus enabling more accurate predictions of chemical behavior under diverse environmental conditions. Using random data splitting and multiple objective functions, 40 models were developed based on the Monte Carlo method. The model that combined the Ideal Correlation Index (IIC) and the Correlation Intensity Index (CII) as dual objective functions achieved the best predictive performance for split 4, with rm[2] = 0.7396, R[2]= 0.7757, and Q[2] = 0.7509 for validation set highlighting the effectiveness of multi-objective optimization strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41760830,
year = {2026},
author = {Abraham, AJ and Duvall, ES and Leese, C and Abraham, K and le Roux, E and Riond, B and Ortmann, S and Terranova, M and Leese, G and Bailey, MA and Clauss, M},
title = {Preliminary evidence of extrarenal sodium storage in a large mammal: implications for comparative physiology and hypertension research : Running: Sodium storage in cattle.},
journal = {Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology},
volume = {478},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41760830},
issn = {1432-2013},
abstract = {Under conditions of dietary sodium (Na[+]) excess, the kidneys may fail to adequately excrete Na[+], potentially compromising blood pressure homeostasis. Body tissues, such as skin, can offer sites of short-term extrarenal Na[+] storage and previous research has shown that this can help guard against hypertension in small mammals (e.g., rodents). Large mammals have relatively greater Na[+] storage potential, but whether extrarenal Na[+] storage occurs for this group is unknown. Here, we report preliminary evidence of extrarenal Na[+] storage in cattle. We provided a large pulse-dose of NaCl to four cattle (body mass: ~720 kg) and measured excretion of Na[+] and potassium (K[+]) in urine and faeces for a period of 7-days. Following NaCl administration, Na[+] excretion spiked in both urine and faeces for ~ 48 h before returning to baseline measurements. After ~ 96 h, however, Na[+] excretion increased again; a consistent physiological phenomenon across all individuals studied. We did not observe a pattern in urinary K[+] excretion, indicating that the mechanism of Na[+] storage does not appear to involve exchange for K[+]. However, faecal K[+] excretion was reciprocal to that of Na[+], presumably reflecting exchange of Na[+]/K[+] across the walls of the large intestine. We infer that during the initial period of Na[+] stress, short-term extrarenal Na[+] storage occurred and the stored Na[+] was later released only when the body had returned to Na[+] homeostasis. Additional experiments are required to understand how patterns of Na[+] regulation changes across body sizes and the specific body compartments involved. Cattle may be a useful model system for examining the impact of high Na[+] intake in mammals larger than humans.},
}

@article {pmid41758169,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, Y and Jaiswal, A and Kargarandehkordi, A and Slade, C and Benzo, RM and Phillips, KT and Washington, P},
title = {Barriers to Designing Inclusive Ecological Momentary Assessment and Wearable Data Collection Protocols for AI-Driven Substance Use Monitoring in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {566-579},
doi = {10.1142/9789819824755_0041},
pmid = {41758169},
issn = {2335-6936},
abstract = {Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable sensors offer unprecedented opportunities to capture the dynamics of substance use through real-time, high-resolution behavioral and physiological data. These data streams are increasingly used to train AI/ML models for digital phenotyping and predictive intervention, raising critical questions about fairness, bias, and inclusivity in model development. However, the adoption of these technologies, or the lack thereof, among diverse and historically marginalized groups raises questions and challenges of equity, cultural relevance, and participant trust. In this study, we conducted a four-week observational study with adults in Hawai.i where we combined continuous Fitbit monitoring and daily EMA surveys to document substance use patterns and cravings. Through semi-structured interviews and grounded theory analysis, we identified six primary barriers to study participation and adherence: (1) disruptions to daily routines, (2) physical and psychosocial discomfort associated with wearing the Fitbit device, (3) concerns about aesthetic compatibility and professional appearance, (4) phonerelated issues, (5) challenges related to substance use and cravings, and (6) socially sensitive contexts. We also highlight participant-identified facilitators, such as the value of participant-driven scheduling, motivational feedback, and contextually adaptive protocols. Drawing on these collective findings, we propose a set of design guidelines aimed at advancing the inclusivity, engagement, and fairness of wearable-based EMA research.},
}

@article {pmid41755163,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, Q and Hou, R and Kou, Y and Wang, P and Liu, Z and Li, H and Liu, W and Wang, X and Yi, S and Zhang, F and Zhou, Z and Zhang, M and Li, X and Wu, Q},
title = {Investigating Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence in Mountainous Areas Using Integrated InSAR and GNSS Monitoring.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41755163},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {42277478//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U21A20109//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 52274165//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024YFC3212200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 242300421041//Henan Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China/ ; 25IRTSTHN008//Henan Provincial University Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Program/ ; 241111321100//Henan Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Leveraging the complementary advantages of InSAR and GNSS, this study proposes a refined method for monitoring mining-induced surface subsidence by integrating both technologies. The method begins with calculating the time-series cumulative subsidence basin from InSAR. Subsequently, a constraint condition is established to identify large-gradient deformations, thereby distinguishing the subsidence edge from the subsidence center. For the subsidence edge with minor deformation, the InSAR results are retained. For the large-gradient subsidence center, the subsidence basin around the mining panel is reconstructed by integrating InSAR and GNSS models. Continuous surface deformation information in a geographic coordinate system is then obtained through spatial interpolation, ultimately yielding comprehensive surface subsidence results across the mining area. Taking a mining area in Shanxi Province as the study region, the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method were validated using 35 SAR images acquired between April 2016 and September 2017, along with leveling measurement data from the mining panel. The maximum surface subsidence rate of the settlement basin obtained from the solution is -186.68 mm/year, and the maximum surface subsidence amount is 248 mm. Compared with the InSAR monitoring results, the root mean square error of the data collaborative monitoring is reduced by 96.8%, and it is reduced by 64.4% compared with the GNSS probability integral method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve subsidence results consistent with the actual situation. Its monitoring capability is significantly superior to that of using either InSAR or GNSS alone, effectively compensating for the limitations inherent in each individual technology when applied to mining subsidence monitoring. Consequently, this integrated approach provides more accurate and reliable information on surface subsidence in mining areas.},
}

@article {pmid41750773,
year = {2026},
author = {Ștefârță, A and Brătoiu, MR and Rădoi, MA and Mercuț, V and Ionescu, M and Scrieciu, M and Petcu, IC and Mărășescu, PC and Amărăscu, MO and Popescu, AM and Vlăduțu, DE},
title = {Assessment of Salivary Parameters-pH, Buffering Capacity and Flow-Associated with Caries Susceptibility.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41750773},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Saliva plays an essential role in maintaining the oral ecological balance, and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics may influence susceptibility to dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility to dental caries based on the DMFT index and to establish a correlation between caries experience and salivary parameters in a group of young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2025 on a sample of 87 fourth-year students from the Faculty of Dentistry in Craiova. Each participant underwent an intraoral clinical examination to determine the DMFT index. The salivary parameters assessed included unstimulated salivary flow rate, saliva consistency, salivary pH, stimulated salivary flow rate, and buffering capacity, using the GC Saliva-Check Buffer kit. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software, version 26 (SPSS Inc., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The mean DMFT index value for the entire sample was 8.26 ± 4.481, with higher values observed among female participants. Low salivary pH was significantly associated with higher DMFT values. Participants with low or very low buffering capacity exhibited higher DMFT values compared to those with normal capacity, indicating that a reduced ability to neutralize salivary acidity is associated with increased caries activity. Conclusions: The results indicate that salivary pH and buffering capacity are important factors in dental caries susceptibility among young adults. The integration of salivary testing into the diagnostic assessment of caries risk may contribute to personalized and effective preventive strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41749705,
year = {2026},
author = {Caragață, AV and Hnatiuc, M and Geman, O and Halunga, S and Tulbure, A and Iov, CJ},
title = {Smart Devices and Multimodal Systems for Mental Health Monitoring: From Theory to Application.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41749705},
issn = {2306-5354},
abstract = {Smart devices and multimodal biosignal systems, including electroencephalography (EEG/MEG), ECG-derived heart rate variability (HRV), and electromyography (EMG), increasingly supported by artificial intelligence (AI), are being explored to improve the assessment and longitudinal monitoring of mental health conditions. Despite rapid growth, the available evidence remains heterogeneous, and clinical translation is limited by variability in acquisition protocols, analytical pipelines, and validation quality. This systematic review synthesizes current applications, signal-processing approaches, and methodological limitations of biosignal-based smart systems for mental health monitoring. Methods: A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic review was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, and the ACM Digital Library for studies published between 2013 and 2026. Eligible records reported human applications of wearable/smart devices or multimodal biosignals (e.g., EEG/MEG, ECG/HRV, EMG, EDA/GSR, and sleep/activity) for the detection, monitoring, or management of mental health outcomes. The reviewed literature after predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria clustered into six themes: depression detection and monitoring (37%), stress/anxiety management (18%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/trauma (5%), technological innovations for monitoring (25%), brain-state-dependent stimulation/interventions (3%), and socioeconomic context (7%). Across modalities, common analytical pipelines included artifact suppression, feature extraction (time/frequency/nonlinear indices such as entropy and complexity), and machine learning/deep learning models (e.g., SVM, random forests, CNNs, and transformers) for classification or prediction. However, 67% of studies involved sample sizes below 100 participants, limited ecological validity, and lacked external validation; heterogeneity in protocols and outcomes constrained comparability. Conclusions: Overall, multimodal systems demonstrate strong potential to augment conventional mental health assessment, particularly via wearable cardiac metrics and passive sensing approaches, but current evidence is dominated by proof-of-concept studies. Future work should prioritize standardized reporting, rigorous validation in diverse real-world cohorts, transparent model evaluations, and ethics-by-design principles (privacy, fairness, and clinical governance) to support translation into practice.},
}

@article {pmid41742940,
year = {2026},
author = {Mendes, L and Oliveira, J and Simões, M and Pinto, M and Castelo-Branco, M},
title = {Remote cognitive training for older adults using tablets: A pilot trial.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {20552076261417771},
pmid = {41742940},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline significantly affects the functional and intrinsic capacities of older adults, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Evidence suggests that mentally stimulating activities, particularly those supported by digital technologies, can promote cognitive health and quality of life in aging populations.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot trial examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of GameAAL, a multidomain Cognitive Training programme delivered via tablet and television, in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia.

METHODS: The intervention targeted key cognitive domains including attention, reaction time, memory, language, and executive functioning. Forty-one older adults (aged 60-93), living in nursing homes, participated in a 6-month programme. The tablet intervention group (n = 10) completed 30 sessions using a tablet device, while the TV intervention group (n = 31) completed nine sessions using a TV interface. All participants engaged with six serious games designed around cognitive tasks related to activities of daily living.

RESULTS: Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Tablet group showed a trend towards improved MoCA scores following the intervention, whereas the TV group did not show significant changes. At the post-intervention, the Tablet group demonstrated significantly better cognitive performance compared to the TV group (p = 0.044). No significant between-group differences were observed in HADS scores.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the GameAAL Cognitive Training programme may help improve cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment by combining computer-based exercises with ecologically valid tasks.},
}

@article {pmid41741663,
year = {2026},
author = {Pankararu, CJ and Teixidor-Toneu, I and Odonne, G and Asante, F and Bandeira, SO and Barrera-Bello, ÁM and Benitez-Capistros, FJ and Dahdouh-Guebas, F and Dalcin, E and Dennehy-Carr, ZH and Diallo, K and Drouet-Cruz, HT and Fonseca-Kruel, VS and Gallois, S and Gnansounou, SC and Hamza, AJ and Hugé, J and Jordan, FM and Kalle, R and Khan, NI and Kuijper, I and Levis, C and Lima, AS and Mattalia, G and Milliken, W and Munga, CN and Narchi, NE and Ngeve, MN and Ofori, SA and Phartyal, SS and Peroni, N and Pironon, S and Polanía, J and Prakofjewa, J and Silva, MT and Sõukand, R and Thomas, MB and Ulian, T and Uprety, Y and Vandebroek, I and Ximenes, AC and Zank, S and Hanazaki, N},
title = {A global biodiversity use data infrastructure acknowledging indigenous and local knowledge.},
journal = {npj biodiversity},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41741663},
issn = {2731-4243},
abstract = {Many global biodiversity datasets overlook or misrepresent the knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities, and Afro-Descendants (IPLCAD). We propose minimum data and metadata standards for a global data infrastructure on biodiversity knowledge and use, co-designed with IPLCAD, including information on language, community attribution and consent, to ensure data traceability and ethical use. This initiative integrates ancestral and academic sciences to advance inclusive biodiversity governance, addressing historical inequities for global sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid41741145,
year = {2026},
author = {Watanabe, F and Muramatsu, K and Tokutsu, K and Okawara, M and Fushimi, K and Matsuda, S},
title = {Functional Differentiation Among Medical Institutions During COVID-19 State of Emergency Periods: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Analysis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Diagnosis Procedure Combination Data.},
journal = {The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1620/tjem.2026.J016},
pmid = {41741145},
issn = {1349-3329},
}

@article {pmid41741097,
year = {2026},
author = {Tamm, J and Takano, K and Just, L and Ehring, T and Rosenkranz, T and , and Kopf-Beck, J},
title = {Early Improvement Predicts Treatment Response in Depression: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in an Inpatient and Day Clinic Setting.},
journal = {Behavior therapy},
volume = {57},
number = {2},
pages = {234-249},
doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2025.08.002},
pmid = {41741097},
issn = {1878-1888},
abstract = {Predicting treatment response through early improvement can reduce patients' time in ineffective treatments before considering alternatives. However, for psychological interventions, there is no consensus on what time window and improvement rate early in the treatment is the most informative for distinguishing treatment responders from nonresponders. This study investigated these aspects in an inpatient and day clinic setting among severe depressed patients who perceived intensive psychological treatment and compared Weekly Questionnaire Assessments (WQA) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) regarding their power to predict treatment response through early improvement. Fifty-two depressed patients were randomly assigned to one of three intensive 7-week psychological interventions (two individual and two group sessions per week) applied in an inpatient or day clinic setting. Early improvement was assessed three times daily using EMA and weekly using questionnaires (BDI-II). Linear Regression Models and Receiver Operating Characteristic Analyses were conducted to predict treatment response (BDI-II improvement from pre- to postintervention ≥50%) in patients who received a full course of treatment. Moreover, ratios of true negative/false negative predictions were calculated to explore the predictive value of different early improvement definitions: 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% improvement after 1, 2, 3, or 4 treatment weeks. Both EMA and WQA significantly predicted treatment response after 3 weeks with AUC values of 73% (EMA) and 77% (WQA). A WQA-assessed 10% improvement after 4 weeks yielded the highest ratio of true negative/false negative predictions, with a true negative rate of 22% and a false negative rate of 0%. 10% improvement in depressive symptoms assessed with WQA after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment was the best predictor in our study. Further research is needed to validate the results. This trial design is registered with osf.io/9fuhn.},
}

@article {pmid41740147,
year = {2026},
author = {Rowland, BW and Sexton, V and Mill, A and Rushton, S and Sanderson, R and Grundy, C and de Lusignan, S and Cunliffe, NA and Hungerford, D and Hopkins, M and Gharbia, S and Jenkins, C and Godbole, G and Vivancos, R and Elliot, AJ and Mellor, DJ and Larkin, L and Chalmers, R and O'Brien, S and , },
title = {The Third Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID3 Study) in the Community: Protocol for UK-Based Prospective Cohort Studies Investigating the Disease Burden.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {e88759},
doi = {10.2196/88759},
pmid = {41740147},
issn = {1929-0748},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a significant hidden burden of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in the UK community, which has increased over time. In the late 2000s, the Second Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID2 study) estimated 17 million IID cases annually in the United Kingdom. However, only a small proportion of cases present to health care, and even those are often not tested for causative organisms.

OBJECTIVE: The Third Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID3 study) aims to determine the IID burden in the UK community, estimate the underreporting level in routine practice and the general population, and recalibrate UK national surveillance based on the new incidence rates.

METHODS: We will follow methods of previous studies, along with modern pathogen detection methods and digital platforms for recruitment and follow-up. Participants will be recruited to three population-based prospective cohorts: cohort 1 (the general population), cohort 2 (patients with IID presenting to general practices [GPs]), and cohort 3 (enumeration study of IID cases presenting to GPs). Microbiological analysis of stool samples in cohorts 1 and 2 will include testing for a wide range of causative organisms using molecular assays, including pathogen targets not routinely sought by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories. Additional characterization of pathogens will be conducted at national reference laboratories. The incidence rates of IID and organisms detected in cohorts 1-3 will be compared to national surveillance systems, both laboratory and syndromic. Descriptive statistics and analysis will allow comparison of IID rates within each cohort, estimate the overall burden of disease caused by different pathogens, and compare findings to earlier IID studies.

RESULTS: A favorable ethical opinion was obtained from the UK Health Research Authority on August 4, 2022. A pilot phase to test the sampling process was conducted from January to August 2023. Participant recruitment commenced on September 1, 2023, for cohort 2 and on March 16, 2024, for cohort 1; recruitment ceased on August 31, 2025. Data collection is complete, and data analysis is to begin. The study is expected to end in September 2026.

CONCLUSIONS: Since the first and second IID studies, changes have occurred within national surveillance systems, the NHS structure, and public recommendations about when to consult a GP and where to seek health care advice, which may have altered the extent of IID reporting and the perceived burden in the community, creating greater uncertainty about the representativeness of IID rates. The IID3 study results will provide insight into trends in disease incidence over time and help quantify inequalities in IID in the UK community. Revised estimates can inform policy related to prevention, including food standards and disease management. Furthermore, advances in molecular diagnostics will significantly enhance pathogen detection, increasing our understanding of the causes of IID.

DERR1-10.2196/88759.},
}

@article {pmid41739554,
year = {2026},
author = {Echigoya, S and Ohmura, T and Sato, K and Nakagaki, T and Nishigami, Y},
title = {Geometrical preference of anchoring sites in the unicellular organism Stentor coeruleus.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {9},
pages = {e2518816123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2518816123},
pmid = {41739554},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {2021-6029//Japan Science Society (JSS)/ ; None//Promotion Project for Young Investigators in Hokkaido University/ ; JPMJFS2101//Establishment of University Fellowships towards the Creation of Science Technology Innovation/ ; 2300464//Sumitomo Foundation (SF)/ ; JP21H05303//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP21H05308//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP21H05310//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP23H04300//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP24K09388//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP24K23220//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; JP25K17535//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Ciliophora/physiology ; Hydrodynamics ; Movement/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Organisms often inhabit environments comprising complex structures across various scales. Animals rely on visual information from surrounding geometrical structures for navigation. Even at the microscale, various microsediments form complex structures in microbial habitats. The movement of microorganisms is passively affected by collisions and hydrodynamic interactions with surrounding structures. However, the influence of microenvironmental geometry on behavioral changes of unicellular organisms that lack visual perception remains unclear. Here, we developed geometrically structured chambers to investigate anchoring site preferences in the swimming ciliate Stentor coeruleus. Our experiments revealed that S. coeruleus preferentially anchored in narrow regions characterized by specific geometrical features, including corner angle, depth, and curvature at the corner end. Before anchoring, free-swimming S. coeruleus changed its behavior to move along the boundary wall of the chambers, accompanied by Ca[2+]-induced asymmetrical body deformation. To further investigate how S. coeruleus moves along the wall continuously, we conducted a hydrodynamic simulation and revealed that the asymmetric morphology causes asymmetric propulsive forces, explaining wall-following behavior through physical interactions with a wall. Thus, morphological change near a wall causes wall-following behavior, facilitating the identification of these narrow anchoring sites. Our findings indicate that environmental geometry drives behavioral transitions in S. coeruleus through simple biophysical processes, enabling spatial selection without visual cues. Overall, these results suggest that microgeometry plays a key role in shaping ecological niches for unicellular microorganisms.},
}

*Ciliophora/physiology
Hydrodynamics
Movement/physiology
Calcium/metabolism

@article {pmid41738306,
year = {2026},
author = {Baalsrud, HT and Tørresen, OK and Danneels, B and Ferrari, G and Tooming-Klunderud, A and Skage, M and Kollias, S and Arnyasi, M and Svensen, E and Kuklinski, P and Jakobsen, KS and Liow, LH},
title = {Chromosomal Fusions Shaped the Genome of the Greater Hornwrack Bryozoan (Flustra Foliacea) (Linnaeus, 1758).},
journal = {The Journal of heredity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jhered/esag013},
pmid = {41738306},
issn = {1465-7333},
abstract = {The phylum Bryozoa is an understudied, yet commonly-occurring, globally distributed bilaterian metazoan organismal group. They have a colonial lifestyle and an evolutionary history that spans at least 480 million years but likely longer. Despite their contentious phylogenetic affinities among metazoans, disproportionately few genomic investigations have been performed thus far. Here, we describe the first chromosome-level genome assembly of an individual Flustra foliacea colony belonging to the order Cheilostomatida, collected in southern Norway. The haplotype-resolved assembly of F. foliacea contains two pseudo-haplotypes spanning 956 megabases and 880 megabases, respectively. Both assemblies are highly complete both in terms of scaffolding (>90% of sequences placed in 8 autosomal chromosomal pseudomolecules), and gene content (BUSCO completeness scores > 90%). We also present gene and repeat annotations of the two assemblies. A comparison of our newly sequenced F. foliacea with five previously published bryozoan genomes supports the hypothesis that the group has undergone extensive genome rearrangements. This includes multiple chromosomal fusions in F. foliacea since their split with other cheilostome bryozoans. These fusions were enriched with long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, highlighting the complex interplay between genome organization and genomic repeats. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of bryozoan genome evolution and the role of repeats in metazoan genome organization.},
}

@article {pmid41733649,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, X and Guo, J and Lei, W and Wang, H and Fan, Q and He, S},
title = {Spatial Distribution and Environmental Risk Assessment of Neonicotinoids, Antibiotics, and Heavy Metals in the Yellow River Riparian Soils.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41733649},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {52300244//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Neonicotinoids/analysis ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Rivers/chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring ; Risk Assessment ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Soil/chemistry ; China ; Insecticides/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {Co-occurring contaminants in riparian soils posed a growing threat to the sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin. However, understanding of the co-occurrence patterns and key drivers of heavy metals (HMs), antibiotics, and neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) at the watershed scale remains limited. Therefore, we selected surface soil along the Yellow River to analyze its content characteristics, spatial patterns, and interrelationships. Detection rates of NNIs, antibiotics, and HMs in soils exceeded 99%. The average content of total NNIs (∑8NNIs) was 5.118 ng/g, with thiacloprid (1.667 ng/g) being the predominant component (32.5%). Total antibiotics averaged 0.412 ng/g, dominated by quinolones (47.8%) and macrolides (30.9%). The concentrations of As, Cr, and Zn among the HMs were 5.7-18.0 μg/g, 53.4-91.1 μg/g, and 35.6-94.3 μg/g, respectively, exceeding their background values at 36%, 21%, and 37% of the sampling sites, respectively. Soil organic matter content and pH negatively correlated with NNIs but positively with HMs, while fine soil particles positively correlated with both. Furthermore, ∑8NNIs (7.680 ng/g) and the contents of thirteen antibiotics (∑13ABX, 13.956 ng/g) in corn-cultivated soils were higher than in other cropped types, while ∑8NNIs (0.780 ng/g) and ∑13ABX (0.003 ng/g) in reed marshes were lower than in other cultivated soils. Health and ecological risks were generally low across the study area, but some specific sites posed potential integrated contamination risks. The study provided scientific data on the environmental fate and risks of NNIs, antibiotics, and HMs in riparian soils of large-scale watersheds, and underscored the need for more efficient usage practices and integrated watershed management strategies.},
}

*Neonicotinoids/analysis
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis
*Soil Pollutants/analysis
Rivers/chemistry
Environmental Monitoring
Risk Assessment
*Metals, Heavy/analysis
Soil/chemistry
China
Insecticides/analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis

@article {pmid41730638,
year = {2026},
author = {Okui, T and Fukushima, H and Maeda, M and Oda, F and Nakashima, N and Fukuda, H},
title = {A short-term association between hospitalizations for mental disorders and ambient temperature in Japan: an ecological study using the LIFE Study data.},
journal = {Environmental health and preventive medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {12},
doi = {10.1265/ehpm.25-00377},
pmid = {41730638},
issn = {1347-4715},
mesh = {Japan/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; Aged ; Adult ; *Temperature ; Young Adult ; Cities/epidemiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the association between ambient temperature and the risk of mental disorders in Japan. In this study, we investigated a short-term association between the risk of hospitalizations for mental disorders and ambient temperature using municipal health insurance data.

METHODS: We used the data of the Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence Study in Japan, and the data of 17 municipalities were employed in the analysis. The daily number of hospitalizations for schizophrenia, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders was used as the outcome variable. The time-stratified case-crossover design was employed in this ecological time-series study, and a distributed-lag non-linear model using a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model was employed to investigate an association between ambient temperature and hospitalizations for the abovementioned mental disorders. The model was applied to each municipality, and a multivariate meta-analysis was conducted to pool the results of municipalities. In addition, subgroup analyses by sex and age groups were conducted, and temperature-related attributable fractions of the mental disorders were also calculated.

RESULTS: The results of the overall cumulative effect of ambient temperature on hospitalizations for mental disorders indicated that the risk ratio (RR) tended to increase with an increase in temperature regardless of the type of mental disorder. An analysis by sex indicated that the RR tended to increase with an increase in temperature regardless of sex. In addition, an analysis by age group indicated that an increase in RR with increasing temperature was more evident in persons aged <65 years compared to those aged ≥65 years regardless of mental disorders, and that the temperature-related attributable fractions were also higher in persons aged <65 years.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher temperatures were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for mental disorders in Japan, while the degree of the association differed by age group.},
}

Japan/epidemiology
Humans
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology
Aged
Adult
*Temperature
Young Adult
Cities/epidemiology
Aged, 80 and over
Adolescent

@article {pmid41728910,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Niu, B and Zhang, T and Wang, J and Lin, X and Zhu, L and Lv, J and Yu, R and Li, X and Zhu, J and Hu, J and Jin, LN and Chan, LL and Li, Y and Zhang, L},
title = {Environmental Drivers and Trophic Transfer of Domoic Acid in a Eutrophic Subtropical Estuary: Linking Toxigenic Pseudonitzschia Dynamics to Ecosystem Risks.},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.6c00346},
pmid = {41728910},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {Domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin produced by certain diatoms of Pseudonitzschia, poses significant risks to marine ecosystems and human health, yet its dynamics in subtropical eutrophic estuaries remain poorly understood. This study investigates DA production and trophic transfer in the Pearl River Estuary, combining chemotaxonomy, morphological identification, ITS1 metabarcoding, and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. We revealed strong seasonal and spatial heterogeneity in Pseudonitzschia assemblages, identifying Pseudonitzschia cuspidata Clade III as a dominant DA producer with an estimated in situ cellular quota of 0.1-0.8 pg cell[-1] for the community. DA was ubiquitously detected across trophic levels, with summer maxima in phytoplankton to zooplankton, crustaceans, and mollusks, exceeding safety thresholds with 24.1 mg kg[-1] in scallops. Baseline DA contamination persisted year-round, with this chronic risk amplified by increased summer diatom biomass. Crucially, DA production was governed by optimal salinity and temperature and linked to nutrient stoichiometry rather than absolute nutrient concentration; chronic high nutrient levels showed a negative correlation with DA production. These environmental drivers also influenced DA transfer efficiency, with summer conditions amplifying contamination despite sub-bloom cell densities. These findings reveal underestimated risks in subtropical estuaries, providing a critical framework for monitoring and managing DA contamination under climate variability.},
}

@article {pmid41722362,
year = {2026},
author = {Mimura, H and Osaki, T and Takamori, S and AlSaleh, MA and Antony, B and Takeuchi, S},
title = {Cell-based biohybrid sensing of a volatile aggregation pheromone component associated with the invasive red palm weevil.},
journal = {Biosensors & bioelectronics},
volume = {302},
number = {},
pages = {118537},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2026.118537},
pmid = {41722362},
issn = {1873-4235},
abstract = {The red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, RPW) is a highly destructive invasive pest of palm trees, causing severe agricultural and economic losses worldwide. Adult males release an aggregation pheromone, primarily (4RS,5RS)-4-methylnonan-5-ol (ferrugineol), which mediates colony formation and infestation within palm trunks. Because all life stages of this weevil are hidden inside the tree and remain undetected until fatal damage occurs, rapid and sensitive detection of pheromone emissions from the weevil colony is crucial for early detection and monitoring. However, practical sensor technologies capable of detecting this pheromone have not yet been established. Here, we report a cell-based biohybrid sensor capable of detecting pheromones in the vapor phase. This sensor employs HEK293 cells transiently co-expressing the RPW pheromone receptor RferOR1, its co-receptor RferOrco, and the genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP. The specificity and sensitivity of these cells were first validated for ferrugineol in aqueous solution (0.1-10 μM), showing decreased responses at 100 μM indicative of non-monotonic behavior. The cells were then encapsulated in hydrogel matrices and integrated into a microwell array. We found that the resulting cell-based sensor exhibited a monotonic fluorescence response to ferrugineol across a broader concentration range (0.1-100 μM), likely due to moderated diffusion of ferrugineol within the hydrogel. Furthermore, the sensor successfully detected ferrugineol in the vapor phase at sub-ppm concentrations (0.1-100 ppm). These findings demonstrate that the developed sensor provides a technological basis for pheromone-detection systems for RPW monitoring, thereby extending the applicability of biohybrid sensing to ecologically relevant odorants.},
}

@article {pmid41716623,
year = {2026},
author = {Robinson, M and Letovsky, S and Liu, AH and Weber, RW and Rafalko, JM and Valcour, A},
title = {Tree pollen allergen sensitization: Prevalence, risk factors, and geographic variation in the United States.},
journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {100642},
pmid = {41716623},
issn = {2772-8293},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many tree pollens are associated with the pathogenesis of allergic disease.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate prevalence, risk factors, and geographic variation of tree pollen sensitization in the United States.

METHODS: Results of specific IgE testing for pollen of 31 tree species were obtained from a single United States-wide clinical laboratory by physicians' requests submitted in 2014-2023. Tree pollen sensitization data were statistically analyzed with respect to prevalence, patterns, and relationship with demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and geographic regions.

RESULTS: A total of 23,932,544 specific IgE tests, originating from 3,067,173 unique patients ranging in age from 0 to 85 years were identified. Males showed higher positivity rates across all tree species and age groups. In both sexes, positivity was highest in individuals aged 10 to 19 years and in patients with atopic dermatitis and asthma. Patients living in urban areas had higher rates of sensitization than patients in rural areas. Considerable differences in top sensitizers were identified across ecoregions, even among different ecoregions present within the same US state. Rates of cosensitization to allergen pairs were generally associated with phylogenetic proximity of species.

CONCLUSION: Factors associated with higher rates of tree pollen sensitization included being male, being a teenager, having atopic dermatitis, having asthma, and living in a specific ecologic region. Results from this study may be helpful to clinicians in counseling patients, as well as to laboratories designing geographically based allergen testing panels.},
}

@article {pmid41715878,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, H and Radicchi, F and Bianconi, G},
title = {Triadic percolation on multilayer networks.},
journal = {Physical review. E},
volume = {113},
number = {1-1},
pages = {014313},
doi = {10.1103/yvtg-wnn4},
pmid = {41715878},
issn = {2470-0053},
abstract = {Triadic interactions are special types of higher-order interactions that occur when regulator nodes modulate the interactions between other two or more nodes. In the presence of triadic interactions, a percolation process occurring on a single-layer network becomes a full fledged dynamical system, characterized by period doubling and a route to chaos. Here we generalize the model to multilayer networks and name it as the multilayer triadic percolation (MTP) model. We find a much richer dynamical behavior of the MTP model than its single-layer counterpart. MTP displays a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, leading to oscillations of arbitrarily large period or pseudoperiodic oscillations. Moreover, MTP admits period-two oscillations without negative regulatory interactions, whereas single-layer systems only display discontinuous hybrid transitions. This comprehensive model offers new insights on the importance of regulatory interactions in real-world systems such as brain networks, climate, and ecological systems.},
}

@article {pmid41714061,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramesh, B and Freisthler, B and Ye, Y and Kieninger, K and Barboza-Salerno, G and Thurston, H},
title = {Relationship between time spent in outdoor recreational areas and stress among parents during the COVID-19 lockdown - A spatial temporal analysis of GPS traces from geographical EMA.},
journal = {Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {100782},
doi = {10.1016/j.sste.2026.100782},
pmid = {41714061},
issn = {1877-5853},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology ; Male ; Female ; *Parents/psychology ; Adult ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; *Recreation/psychology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Time Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Quarantine/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Parks, Recreational ; Self Report ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The early COVID-19 period, with stay-at-home orders, was particularly stressful for parents. Outdoor recreation areas (ORAs), such as green spaces, may have helped alleviate stress.

AIM: To estimate the association between ORA visits and self-reported stress using geographical ecological momentary assessment (gEMA) with refined multi-sourced ORA boundaries.

METHODS: Self-reported stress was collected from a cohort of 286 participants via EMA three times daily over 14 days, alongside continuous GPS tracking. ORA visit durations were derived by spatio-temporal clustering of GPS tracks. Generalized ordinal logistic regression model supporting partial proportional odds was used to estimate the association between ORA visit duration stress, adjusting for baseline covariates and weather.

RESULTS: A minute-wise increase in ORA visit duration was not significantly associated with stress (Odds Ratio=0.99; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.00). However, when the duration was categorized, ORA visits lasting between 15 and 35 min were associated with a 40% reduction in the odds of reporting higher stress (95% CI: 10% to 60%). A similar association was observed for shorter ORA visits (≤ 5 min), though the effect varied across stress levels. The odds of reporting higher stress were also associated with whether the parent was with their focal child, parental sex, marital status, work status, the time of day, and weekday/weekend.

CONCLUSION: Spending 15-35 min in ORAs may be optimal for parents to manage stress during challenging periods, such as the stay-at-home phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Even brief ORA visits (< 5 min) may help parents experiencing high stress.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology
Male
Female
*Parents/psychology
Adult
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
*Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
*Recreation/psychology
Geographic Information Systems
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Time Factors
SARS-CoV-2
*Quarantine/psychology
Middle Aged
Parks, Recreational
Self Report

@article {pmid41713447,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, P and Jiang, D and Zhou, J and Zhu, Y and Manaf, RA and Bojude, DA and Agbre-Yace, ML and Ali, S and Allen, O and Anyasodor, AE and Aranda, Z and Bahattab, A and Bodomo, A and Borrescio-Higa, F and Buchtova, M and Buljan, N and Deshmukh, V and Díaz-Castro, L and Cheema, S and Ekezie, W and Ganasegeran, K and Ganesan, B and Glasnović, A and Graham, CJ and Htay, MNN and Igwesi-Chidobe, C and Iversen, PO and Islam, MM and Karim, AJ and Kalpič, B and Kanma-Okafor, O and Lanza, G and Luz, S and Mahikul, W and Mladenić, D and Manyara, AM and Munipalli, B and Myburgh, N and Ng, ZX and Nikolopoulos, G and Park, C and Park, JJ and Peprah, P and Rudan, K and Shah, SA and Shi, T and Tiglic, GŠ and Sutan, R and Tsanas, A and Tibble, H and Khpalwak, AT and Tomlinson, M and Vento, S and Glasnović, JV and Wang, L and Xu, J and Zhang, J and Zhang, Y and Sheikh, E and Ozoh, OB and Tsiachristas, A and Adeloye, D and Kerr, S and Sanwalka, M and Orešković, S and Sheikh, A and Rudan, I},
title = {Research priorities for data science and artificial intelligence in global health: an international consensus exercise.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {e455-e465},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00473-5},
pmid = {41713447},
issn = {2214-109X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Global Health ; *Data Science ; Consensus ; *Research ; Developing Countries ; },
abstract = {Applications of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) in global health are expanding, yet research remains fragmented and often misaligned with the needs of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this misalignment, we conducted a global research priority-setting exercise using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method. 155 research ideas were scored by 51 experts based on feasibility, potential impact on disease burden, paradigm shift potential, implementation potential, and equity. Top-ranked priorities focused on epidemic preparedness, including AI-based outbreak prediction, improved diagnostics for infectious diseases, and early-warning systems. Other highly ranked topics included AI-assisted resource allocation, telemedicine, culturally adapted mobile health services, and chronic disease management tools. Experts from LMICs prioritised infectious disease control and diagnostic equity, whereas experts from high-income countries emphasised infrastructure and climate-related analytics. The resulting agenda provides a roadmap for aligning AI and data science research with global health priorities, particularly in LMICs.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence
*Global Health
*Data Science
Consensus
*Research
Developing Countries

@article {pmid41712942,
year = {2026},
author = {Thompson, DA and Kaizer, LK and Schmiege, SJ and Cabrera, NJ and Clark, L and Ringwood, H and Miramontes Valdes, E and Jimenez-Zambrano, A and Gorman, C and Babiak, M and Tschann, JM},
title = {Maternal Screen-Related Behaviors, Toddler Screen Use, and Toddler BMI in Mexican American Families: Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {JMIR pediatrics and parenting},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e76873},
pmid = {41712942},
issn = {2561-6722},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Parents, as the most proximal influence on young children, play an important role in shaping toddler behaviors. Yet, evidence on how parents shape toddler screen use is limited. Little is also known about the relationship between toddler screen use and BMI. Given existing disparities in screen use and early childhood obesity, a focus on Mexican American families with toddlers is warranted.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the independent contributions of both maternal screen use and screen-related parenting practices with toddler screen use duration, for both TV viewing and mobile device use, and examine the relationship between toddler screen use duration and BMI.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 384 Mexican American mother-toddler dyads recruited from safety net clinics. Enrolled mothers completed 7-day screen use diaries and surveys on screen-related parenting practices, and toddler anthropometrics were obtained. Negative binomial regression models estimated the relationships between screen-related parenting practices and maternal screen use (predictors) with child duration of daily TV use and mobile device use (outcomes). Spearman correlations were calculated to estimate the relationship between toddler screen use duration and age- and sex-specific BMI z scores.

RESULTS: Maternal duration of daily TV and mobile device use were associated with toddler duration of daily TV (adjusted rate ratios [aRRs] 1.27-1.28; all P<.001) and mobile device use (aRRs 1.17-1.18; all P<.001), respectively, even after adjusting for maternal screen-related parenting practices. Specific parenting practices, including restriction of TV time (aRR=0.86; P=.01), restriction of mobile device time (aRR=0.80; P=.02), use of TV (aRR=1.27; P=.003) and mobile devices (aRR=1.78; P<.001) for child behavior regulation, and coviewing of mobile devices (aRR=1.51; P<.001), were associated with toddler duration of daily screen use, adjusted for maternal duration of daily screen use. Neither toddler duration of daily TV viewing nor daily mobile device use was correlated with toddler BMI z scores.

CONCLUSIONS: Both the duration of maternal screen use and screen-related parenting practices, for both TV and mobile devices, should be considered when promoting healthy screen use in toddlers in Mexican American families. Interventionists should consider the family ecology when designing interventions promoting healthy screen use in early childhood.},
}

@article {pmid41707187,
year = {2026},
author = {Kong, J and Bragazzi, NL},
title = {Framing the Convergence of One Health and Digital Health in the Global South With a Gender-Sensitive Foresight Perspective: Delphi Study Using Latent Semantic Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {e78702},
doi = {10.2196/78702},
pmid = {41707187},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {Delphi Technique ; Humans ; Female ; *Global Health ; Male ; Semantics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Sex Factors ; *Digital Technology ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The convergence of digital health and One Health represents an emergent paradigm in global health governance. While widely discussed in high-income settings, there is limited understanding of how this convergence is conceptualized in the Global South, particularly when viewed through a gender- and equity-sensitive foresight lens.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to map and classify expert discourse on digital health, One Health, and their convergence in the Global South using latent semantic analysis, with particular attention to structural drivers, emerging issues, weak signals, and gendered patterns of anticipation.

METHODS: A 3-round online Delphi survey was conducted with 45 experts from 19 countries across the Global South. Open-ended responses were analyzed using latent semantic analysis and stratified by gender. A foresight framework was applied to categorize topics as structural drivers, emerging issues, or weak signals, based on their temporal persistence, salience, and consensus.

RESULTS: In digital health, structural drivers included the systemic integration of digital technologies into public health systems, strategic alignment, and infrastructure development. Emerging issues comprised the adoption of artificial intelligence, chronic disease management via mobile health, and concerns about digital inclusion and interoperability. Weak signals included feminist digital ethics, trust in digital systems, and relational accountability-more frequently emphasized by female experts. In One Health, structural drivers were centered on intersectoral coordination, ecological integration, and the institutionalization of health-environment frameworks. Emerging issues encompassed anticipatory risk governance, food system sustainability, and the integration of environmental and population-level data. Weak signals included indigenous knowledge systems, subnational antimicrobial resistance governance, and structural underinvestment in ecological public health, with gendered divergence in framing. In the convergence discourse (digital health and One Health), structural drivers focused on the integration of digital surveillance systems, data infrastructures, and health information platforms to operationalize One Health. Emerging issues included climate-triggered system redesign, artificial intelligence and ecological monitoring, and the governance of cross-sectoral data. Weak signals pointed to algorithmic bias in zoonotic prediction, digital sovereignty in environmental health, and feminist critiques of convergence-all thematically rich but peripheral in consensus.

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a multilayered and gender-influenced foresight architecture shaping the future of digital health and One Health in the Global South. Structural drivers denote maturing domains of implementation, while emerging issues and weak signals highlight latent, often overlooked opportunities and tensions. Incorporating equity-sensitive and gender-aware foresight methods is essential for crafting inclusive and anticipatory health governance strategies.},
}

Delphi Technique
Humans
Female
*Global Health
Male
Semantics
Artificial Intelligence
Sex Factors
*Digital Technology
Digital Health

@article {pmid41706338,
year = {2026},
author = {Semwal, P and Majhi, B and Shivhare, R and Mishra, SK and Misra, S and Chauhan, PS},
title = {Harnessing endophytes and Multi-Omics for sustainable Colchicine biosynthesis.},
journal = {World journal of microbiology & biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {92},
pmid = {41706338},
issn = {1573-0972},
support = {OLP116//CSIR/ ; },
mesh = {*Colchicine/biosynthesis ; *Endophytes/metabolism/genetics ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolomics/methods ; Proteomics ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Gloriosa superba, an endangered medicinal plant, serves as the principal natural source of colchicine, a vital alkaloid used for treating gout, arthritis, cancer, and various inflammatory disorders. However, its conventional extraction from plant tissues is constrained by low yield, ecological degradation, and conservation concerns, necessitating sustainable production alternatives. Emerging evidence indicates that colchicine biosynthesis is not solely plant-autonomous but is strongly influenced by endophytic microorganisms that function as active metabolic partners. Endophytic fungi and bacteria associated with G. superba enhance colchicine accumulation through elicitor-mediated signaling, transcriptional reprogramming, metabolic complementation, and modulation of pathway flux. This review presents a systems-level synthesis that integrates endophyte biology with multi-omics technologies and synthetic biology to redefine colchicine biosynthesis as a coordinated plant-microbe metabolic network. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses have enabled mechanistic resolution of the colchicine pathway, including identification of key enzymes, regulatory nodes, and bottlenecks such as the cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative ring expansion central to tropolone alkaloid formation. These insights underpin rational metabolic engineering, CRISPR-based genome editing, and synthetic pathway reconstruction in heterologous microbial hosts. By explicitly linking mechanistic understanding with pathway engineering and biomanufacturing design, this review advances a coherent framework for eco-efficient, scalable colchicine production while supporting conservation of G. superba.},
}

*Colchicine/biosynthesis
*Endophytes/metabolism/genetics
Metabolic Engineering
Metabolomics/methods
Proteomics
Biosynthetic Pathways
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Multiomics

@article {pmid41705859,
year = {2026},
author = {Medeiros, WB and Centurion, VB and Silva, JB and Duarte, AW and Hidalgo-Martinez, KJ and Dos Santos, JA and Penna, DDPS and Bagci, C and Ziemert, N and Oliveira, VM},
title = {Antarctic soil prokaryotic diversity: a dataset of 319 metagenome-assembled genomes from Deception and Livingston Islands.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0134625},
doi = {10.1128/mra.01346-25},
pmid = {41705859},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {A total of 319 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from soil samples collected on the Antarctic Peninsula (Deception and Livingston Islands). These MAGs reveal microbial life's phylogenetic diversity and functional potential in extreme polar environments, providing resources for advancing microbial ecology, evolution, and Antarctic biotechnology.},
}

@article {pmid41702871,
year = {2026},
author = {Wen, M and Ma, X and Chen, J and Wu, J and Wu, F and Ma, R and Peng, R},
title = {Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community in Saffron (Crocus sativus) Affected by Root Bulb Rot.},
journal = {Plant disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/PDIS-07-25-1456-RE},
pmid = {41702871},
issn = {0191-2917},
abstract = {Fusarium oxysporum, first identified in Yunnan Province as the causal agent of saffron corm rot, causes a destructive soil-borne disease that has become a devastating threat to saffron cultivation in Shangri-La, causing over 50% mortality. This pathogen infects saffron corms, leading to vascular browning and rot, ultimately causing plant death and severe production losses. Given the crucial role of the rhizosphere microbiome in plant immunity and soil ecology, deciphering pathogen-microbiome interactions is essential for developing sustainable disease-control strategies. High-throughput sequencing of ITS/16S rRNA (Illumina MiSeq) was combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) analysis to compare the community structures of fungi, bacteria, and AMF in the rhizosphere of healthy and diseased saffron. The effects of soil physicochemical factors on microbiome assembly were systematically evaluated. The rhizosphere microbiome of diseased plants was significantly dysregulated: (1) pathogen-related taxa (e.g., Lauriomyces) proliferated, while saprotrophic functional taxa (e.g., Mortierella elongata) underwent community restructuring; (2) disease-suppressive taxa (e.g., fususidium) were enriched, while symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) essential for nutrient acquisition sharply declined; (3) the soil parameter-microbiome relationship changed under different health conditions:available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) drove the aggregation of pathogenic soil fungi, while pH/organic matter (OM) dominated the aggregation of healthy soil fungi; (4) Knufia and Phomopsis were important taxa regulating soil ammonia oxidation and plant vitality. Fusarium infection disrupts the rhizosphere balance by inhibiting beneficial symbionts and promoting the colonization of pathogenic or saprotrophic microorganisms, ultimately compromising the innate resistance of saffron. Our findings reveal the rhizosphere ecological mechanism underlying corm rot progression and provide a microbiome informatics framework for the selection of biocontrol agents and rhizosphere engineering. Moreover, the worker safety benefits from the reductions in psychic emanations mandate industry adoption.},
}

@article {pmid41702108,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, D and Yu, Y and Wang, Y and Wang, Q and Lin, Z},
title = {Multi-scale analysis of ecosystem service values and their driving factors based on MGWR: A case study of Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {311},
number = {},
pages = {119886},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119886},
pmid = {41702108},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {The Yellow River basin has recently experienced intensified pressures from climate change and anthropogenic activities, causing severe ecological degradation and compromised ecosystem security. Enhanced ecological protection is critically important for maintaining regional equilibrium and sustainable development. The Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Economic Development Zone was examined to investigate multi-grid-scale ecosystem service value (ESV) spatial patterns and drivers (2005-2020). ESV was first calculated using the equivalent factor method at 3 km, 7 km, and 10 km scales. Spatial distribution characteristics were subsequently revealed through autocorrelation analysis. Finally, spatial heterogeneity induced by natural and socio-economic drivers was analyzed using MGWR local regression coefficients. The results indicate that: (1) During 2005-2020, land-use ESV ranked: water bodies > farmland > grassland > forest > unutilized land > construction land, with eastern high-ESV zones expanding and southern low-ESV areas increasing; (2) Significant positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I > 0, Z > 2.58) was observed, weakening with scale. High-high clusters occurred in ecological-economic zones, contrasting low-low clusters in human activity areas, with stable overall patterns despite scale variations; (3) Significant spatial heterogeneity was driven by natural (DEM, slope; p < 0.05) and socio-economic factors, with GDP and population density gaining prominence by 2020; (4) Significant drivers increased dynamically from 9 (2005) to 12 (2020), confirming temporal evolution. This work establishes a scientific foundation for deltaic ecological restoration and informs precision conservation policies, with broader implications for global ecosystem sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid41701933,
year = {2026},
author = {MacLellan, A and Takano, K},
title = {Exploring the Cognitive and Behavioral Risks and Maintenance Factors of Hikikomori: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {e81384},
pmid = {41701933},
issn = {1929-0748},
mesh = {Humans ; Adult ; *Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Japan ; *Cognition ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Affect ; Depression/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hikikomori is a state of social withdrawal first identified in Japan and is gaining interest globally. Classically, hikikomori is described as a state of isolation within one's home, though recent conceptualizations have proposed a continuum of severity. Hikikomori frequently shares symptoms with depression, social anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia, as well as internet and gaming disorders. Clinical case studies and cross-sectional studies suggest that dysfunctional emotion regulation, familial support, and internet behaviors are proposed to contribute to the onset and maintenance of a withdrawn state, though they have not been explored longitudinally.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate affective, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of hikikomori symptoms, and how daily mood, social enjoyment, familial support, and internet usage may maintain a socially withdrawn state.

METHODS: A minimum of 84 participants aged between 18 and 60 years will complete self-report measures of hikikomori symptoms, internet addiction, depression, anxiety, autism, and fear of offending others before participating in 14 days of ecological momentary assessment surveys. Surveys will be delivered 5 times per day from 8 AM to 10 PM, measuring mood, internet behavior, familial relationships, social interaction frequency, anticipatory and consummatory enjoyment, sleep quality, and physical activity. Participants will repeat the self-report measure of hikikomori symptoms postmonitoring period.

RESULTS: Recruitment began in November 21, 2025. Data collection and analysis are scheduled to be completed by summer 2026, with the results also scheduled to be available by the end of summer 2026. Correlation and multiple regression analyses will investigate whether internet addiction, social anxiety, expressive suppression, fear of offending others, daily mood, internet use, social enjoyment, and familial support predict hikikomori symptoms. Time-lagged network analyses will explore the temporal dynamics of these relationships, and how these differ in those with high and low levels of hikikomori symptoms. Finally, time-lagged logistic regressions will explore which factors predict future social behavior.

CONCLUSIONS: This study will be the first to investigate currently proposed mechanisms underlying hikikomori, while also exploring the time-varying relationships between affect and social behavior. The results will provide initial evidence for factors that predict hikikomori symptoms, explore candidate mechanisms underlying hikikomori, and identify potential maintenance factors as targets for intervention.},
}

Humans
Adult
*Ecological Momentary Assessment
Adolescent
Young Adult
Male
Middle Aged
Female
Japan
*Cognition
*Social Isolation/psychology
Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology
Anxiety/psychology
Affect
Depression/psychology

@article {pmid41700573,
year = {2026},
author = {Fifield, K and Thomas, R and Dawe-Lane, E and Kusosa, R and O'Connor, E and Cummins, N and Pollak, TA and Wykes, T and Easton, A and Simblett, SK},
title = {COPE-EMBRACE: Coping with stress after encephalitis using real-time assessment.},
journal = {Neuropsychological rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-35},
doi = {10.1080/09602011.2026.2619548},
pmid = {41700573},
issn = {1464-0694},
abstract = {Encephalitis can cause acquired brain injury due to inflammation, leading to cognitive issues and fatigue, exacerbating daily stress. Knowledge of real-time stress coping mechanisms among people post-encephalitis and how this relates to depression is limited. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may address limitations in standardized cross-sectional self-report assessments. This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of collecting EMA data on mood and coping. Twenty adults post-encephalitis (12 women, age range 26:67) completed daily and self-initiated EMA for mood and coping over 4 months, and post-study interviews explored acceptability using framework analysis. Average daily compliance rate was 79.3% (range 37.3-97.5%), showing EMA's feasibility, though low self-initiated EMA usage indicated challenges. Linear mixed-effects model revealed significant relationships between coping style and depression levels within individuals and over time. Framework analysis categorized two themes: "Encephalitis experience and its relationship to stress response" and "Experience of EMA: barriers and facilitators'. Qualitative analysis indicated acceptability for the m-Path app and measuring daily mood. Results suggest long-term daily EMA is feasible for collecting mood and coping in adults with encephalitis. However, patient and public involvement should be utilized to establish suitability. Following adaptations, EMA may serve as a psychological intervention targeting stress coping in daily life.},
}

@article {pmid41699677,
year = {2026},
author = {Prakofjewa, J and Conte, L and Ludwig, D and Šarka, P and Centorrino, P and Kalle, R and Sõukand, R},
title = {"I know a lot about medicinal plants. I read, I watch, and I search": towards hybrid knowledge systems in the modern era.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {14},
pmid = {41699677},
issn = {1746-4269},
support = {grant agreement N° 714874//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
mesh = {*Plants, Medicinal ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Ethnobotany ; Lithuania ; *Knowledge ; Aged ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Medicine, Traditional ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hybrid knowledge systems are central to community negotiations of environmental, social, and epistemic pressures. In multilingual borderland areas, interactions between local ecological knowledge (LEK), formal, and popular knowledge systems remain underexplored, despite their importance for the persistence and transformation of medicinal plant use today.

METHODS: We conducted 67 semi-structured interviews and participant observation in 21 rural settlements of the Vilnius region (Lithuania), an area bordering Belarus, focusing on the two largest local groups, Lithuanians (LT) and Poles (PL). Detailed Use Reports (n = 1446) on medicinal plant use were coded by the origin of knowledge, classified as local, formal, or popular, and the degree of hybridisation was quantified using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and hybridisation metrics. Sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education, and multilingualism) were tested for associations with hybridisation using Spearman's ρ and Student's t-tests.

RESULTS: A total of 139 medicinal taxa were recorded, of which 68 (49%) were shared between the two groups. Overall, recorded medicinal plant knowledge remained primarily grounded in LEK, sustained through intergenerational transmission. Compared with PL, LT interviewees drew on a broader mix of knowledge-origin domains (H' = 0.97 vs 0.52) and combined them more often (HD = 0.195 vs 0.059). In total, 39 taxa showed hybrid use, predominantly in the LT group. Hybridisation was negatively associated with age but positively correlated with the number of listed plants and their reported uses, while multilingualism showed a near-significant positive trend.

CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that medicinal plant knowledge has evolved here through hybridisation, a process whose consequences are context-dependent, offering opportunities for revitalisation but also a risk of displacement. Dialogic exchanges across families, communities, languages, and media expand people's plant repertoire and strengthen community adaptive capacity. Yet when these exchanges lead to excessive standardisation, they risk eroding the diversity of local traditions. Ethnobotanical research must therefore go beyond documenting popular and formal knowledge sources to interrogate how linguistic and sociopolitical contexts condition the emergence of hybrid knowledge systems, privileging certain forms while rendering others transformed or marginalised.},
}

*Plants, Medicinal
Humans
Female
Male
Adult
Middle Aged
Ethnobotany
Lithuania
*Knowledge
Aged
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Medicine, Traditional

@article {pmid41698967,
year = {2026},
author = {Osada, Y and Miya, M and Araki, H and Doi, H and Kasai, A and Masuda, R and Minamoto, T and Seino, S and Takahara, T and Yamamoto, S and Yamanaka, H and Aizu-Hirano, M and Fukaya, K and Fukuchi, T and Gotoh, RO and Hori, M and Iida, M and Imaizumi, T and Kajita, T and Kanbe, T and Kenta, T and Kobayashi, Y and Matsuura, T and Mizumoto, H and Motomura, H and Murakami, H and Nohara, K and Oka, SI and Sado, T and Senou, H and Shibukawa, K and Sunobe, T and Takahashi, H and Takayama, K and Tanaka, K and Yamakawa, H and Yokoyama, S and Yoon, S and Kondoh, M},
title = {Large-scale environmental DNA survey reveals niche axes of a regional coastal fish community.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {3276},
pmid = {41698967},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {19H05641//JSPS KAKENHI Grants/ ; 20H03311//JSPS KAKENHI Grants/ ; JPMJCR13A2//JSPS CREST program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fishes/genetics ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; Japan ; },
abstract = {The concept of the ecological niche, defined as the basic habitat requirements for a species, is central to understanding species geographic distributions and predicting their responses to environmental change. However, identifying the essential niche for large regional communities remains a challenge because niche axes can be "hidden" by the complexity of the underlying ecological processes. Here, applying advanced species distribution modelling to nationwide environmental DNA survey data, we identified hidden niche axes of the Japanese coastal fish community and investigated the response diversity to these axes. Our survey detected 1,220 coastal fish species. The hidden niche axes collectively explained most of the variation in fish biodiversity and revealed five biogeographic boundaries for the regional community. These niches of the Japanese fish community may primarily relate to several processes due to ocean currents, such as environmental filters, transport from source areas and dispersal barriers. We also found that the response diversity to niche axes was positively correlated with species richness, although local communities with particularly high response diversity were geographically biased. A better understanding of the niche axes of the regional ecological community should help to mitigate the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services caused by ongoing environmental change.},
}

Animals
*Fishes/genetics
Biodiversity
*Ecosystem
*DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics
Japan

@article {pmid41695296,
year = {2025},
author = {Crowley, LM and Barclay, MVL and Smith, MN and Brown, PMJ and Roy, HE and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the 24-spot ladybird, Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {698},
pmid = {41695296},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (24-spot ladybird; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 532.03 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.41%) is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 18.91 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.},
}

@article {pmid41690269,
year = {2026},
author = {Paton, L and Kiesel, S and Elinkmann, M and Clases, D and Fernandez-Mendoza, F and Feldmann, J},
title = {The formation of bioavailable Hg in a pipeline: An initial investigation into Hg bioaccumulation resulting from oil and gas decommissioning.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1019},
number = {},
pages = {181526},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181526},
pmid = {41690269},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Mercury (Hg) released during offshore pipeline decommissioning may pose ecological risks, yet little is known about its chemical form and biological impact. We examined how Hg[0] can react on and subsequently be released from laboratory-generated steel pipeline material to interact with marine algae, focusing on chemical speciation, transformation, and cellular uptake. Laboratory exposures of the marine algae, Isochrysis galbana, to pipeline-derived Hg showed accumulation up to 109 mg kg[-1] dry weight, as determined by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS). Single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC ICP-MS) confirmed substantial cell-associated Hg, with bimodal distributions suggesting distinct uptake or surface-association pathways. Although classical growth and photosynthetic parameters did not consistently reveal toxicity, Hg exposure altered cell populations and aggregation behaviour, indicating sublethal but ecologically relevant effects. Our findings demonstrate that through interactions with pipeline material Hg[0] can be transformed into species which have an increased likelihood of bioaccumulation.},
}

@article {pmid41687859,
year = {2026},
author = {Spagnesi, A and Gilardoni, S and Salzano, R and Feltracco, M and Ulgelmo, B and Maetzke, R and Ardini, F and Grotti, M and Coppolaro, VLM and Viglezio, T and Montaguti, S and Scoto, F and Spolaor, A and Gambaro, A and Barbante, C and Barbaro, E},
title = {Emerging contaminants during arctic rain-on-snow events: A case study from the 2023-24 Ny-Ålesund campaign.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {395},
number = {},
pages = {127790},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127790},
pmid = {41687859},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The Svalbard Archipelago has undergone rapid warming in recent decades, increasing the frequency and intensity of Rain-on-Snow (ROS) events. While the physical and ecological consequences of ROS in the Arctic have been extensively documented, their role in modulating the atmospheric fate of emerging contaminants remains poorly understood. This study investigates the chemical signature of four ROS events during the 2023-24 field campaign in Ny-Ålesund (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway), focusing on the behaviour of emerging pollutants across pre-, during-, and post-event phases. By combining aerosol and wet deposition data with meteorological variables and air mass back-trajectories, we explore the potential of ROS to act as removal mechanisms for benzothiazole derivatives, tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) as flame retardant, pesticides, and haloacetic acids. The results highlight a substantial variability in contaminant patterns across events and suggest the influence of synoptic-scale air mass origin and local meteorological conditions. Diagnostic ratios and inorganic ion proxies provide insight into possible atmospheric transformation pathways and transport processes. This study provides the first detailed chemical characterisation of aerosol and depositions during Rain-On-Snow events, establishing a preliminary framework to better understand the complex interactions between ROS and contaminant cycling in a warming Arctic. This work contributes to ongoing efforts to clarify the mechanisms of atmospheric scavenging under changing climate conditions.},
}

@article {pmid41686497,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, Z and Liu, Y and Zhu, M and Zeng, J and Labat, D and Meng, F},
title = {SWAT-WASP coupled modeling of ammonia nitrogen in rare earth mining watersheds.},
journal = {Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research},
volume = {93},
number = {3},
pages = {273-295},
pmid = {41686497},
issn = {0273-1223},
support = {41861002//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022A15150112010//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; //2023 Annual Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Mining ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Metals, Rare Earth ; *Ammonia/analysis ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; China ; Rivers/chemistry ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH4[+]-N) are a dominant water pollutant in ionic rare earth mining basins, threatening aquatic ecosystems and drinking-water safety. To quantify these dynamics, this study developed a coupled SWAT-WASP model for the upper Dongjiang River Basin (UDRB), integrating remote sensing and long-term monitoring data; the model was calibrated and validated with 2016-2018 monthly observations, and quantitative evaluation via Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBIAS) showed good performance (runoff: NSE = 0.77-0.80; NH4[+]-N: SWAT NSE = 0.56-0.61, SWAT-WASP NSE = 0.65-0.87), confirming its reliability. 2022 simulations revealed strong NH4[+]-N spatial heterogeneity, with concentrations >1.8 mg L[-1] near mining zones versus <0.5 mg L[-1] in upstream natural areas; geodetector analysis identified population density combined with industrial-agricultural activity as the top driver of spatial differentiation (q > 0.40), while interactions between precipitation, temperature, and land use further amplified variability. Overall, the SWAT-WASP framework provides a robust tool for evaluating NH4[+]-N dynamics and supports targeted pollution control and ecological restoration in rare earth mining watersheds.},
}

*Mining
*Nitrogen/analysis
*Metals, Rare Earth
*Ammonia/analysis
*Water Pollutants, Chemical
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
China
Rivers/chemistry
Models, Theoretical

@article {pmid41683863,
year = {2026},
author = {Ren, S and Lv, G},
title = {A Transcriptome Study on Seed Germination of Nitraria roborowskii Kom.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41683863},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Germination/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Transcriptome ; *Seeds/genetics/growth & development ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Dormancy/genetics ; Gene Ontology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; },
abstract = {Nitraria roborowskii Kom. seeds possess pronounced deep dormancy traits. Analyzing changes in gene expression before and after dormancy release is of great significance for elucidating the mechanisms underlying seed dormancy. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted on N. roborowskii seeds both before and after dormancy release using high-throughput Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing technology. The key findings are as follows: (1) A total of 215,303 transcripts and 84,450 unigenes were obtained through de novo assembly. (2) Comparative analysis revealed 16,130 significantly differentially expressed unigenes during germination, with 10,776 upregulated and 5354 downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily associated with biological processes and molecular functions, mainly involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activities. (3) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were predominantly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Specifically, among the downregulated genes, 126 were linked to plant hormone signal transduction, 110 to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, 108 to starch and sucrose metabolism, 27 to flavonoid biosynthesis, 20 to plant hormone signal transduction, 6 to phenylpropanoid metabolism, 14 to starch and sucrose metabolism, and none to flavonoid biosynthesis.},
}

*Germination/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
*Transcriptome
*Seeds/genetics/growth & development
Gene Expression Profiling
Plant Dormancy/genetics
Gene Ontology
Computational Biology/methods
Plant Proteins/genetics
Molecular Sequence Annotation

@article {pmid41683590,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, F and Jin, W and Cheng, H and Wu, F and Pan, Y and Zhu, D and Xu, S and Zhou, C and Zhang, B and Chakraborty, A and Roy, A and He, S},
title = {Transcriptomic Responses of Sclerodermus alternatusi Yang to Ultraviolet (UV) Stress of Different Wavelengths.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41683590},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0267//the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing/ ; CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0676//the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects ; *Transcriptome/radiation effects ; *Stress, Physiological/radiation effects/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Wasps/genetics/radiation effects ; Gene Ontology ; },
abstract = {Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant environmental stressor that exerts profound impacts on insect physiology, behaviour and survival. Although some insects can use UV light for spatial orientation and navigation, it can induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and impair critical biological functions, ultimately reducing ecological fitness. Sclerodermus alternatusi Yang (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a dominant ectoparasitoid of the early instar larvae of Monochamus alternatus and plays a key role in the biological control of this pest in forestry systems; however, it faces intense UV exposure in the field environment. Despite its ecological importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying its responses to UV-induced stress remain poorly understood. In this study, newly emerged adult wasps (within 24 h post-eclosion) were exposed to UVA (365 nm) and UVC (253.7 nm) radiation for 9 h under controlled laboratory conditions. Total RNA was extracted from treated and control individuals for transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Seq. A total of 505 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that UVA exposure significantly upregulated genes involved in cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting an enhanced metabolic response. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that UV stress modulates energy metabolism through the activation of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related pathways, highlighting the reallocation of energy resources in response to UV-induced stress. To validate the RNA-Seq data, four representative DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. The qPCR results were consistent with the transcriptomic trends, confirming the reliability of the sequencing data. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular response mechanisms of S. alternatusi to UV stress, offering novel insights into its environmental adaptability and laying a theoretical foundation for its application in biological pest control under field conditions.},
}

Animals
*Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects
*Transcriptome/radiation effects
*Stress, Physiological/radiation effects/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling
*Wasps/genetics/radiation effects
Gene Ontology

@article {pmid41683461,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, H and Li, Y and Chen, Q and Chen, C and Hu, Y},
title = {Methodologies for Assessing Chemical Toxicity to Aquatic Microorganisms: A Comparative Review.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41683461},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Aquatic Organisms/drug effects ; Microalgae/drug effects ; Bacteria/drug effects ; *Toxicity Tests/methods ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Fungi/drug effects ; Viruses/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Aquatic ecological issues have garnered significant attention in recent years, driving the demand for convenient, effective, and systematic assessment methods in environmental risk evaluation. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to methodologies for assessing the toxicity of chemicals toward aquatic microorganisms, which include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Among these, microalgae are commonly used as model organisms due to their relative simplicity. The article details conventional biological methods, general chemical techniques, modern instrumental analyses, and informatics approaches, with a particular focus on algae and bacteria as model organisms for toxicity assessment. The principles, advantages, and limitations of each method are discussed, along with examples of their application in various contexts. Biological methods offer direct visualization, convenience, and rapid results, while modern instrumental techniques enable mechanistic insights at molecular and biochemical levels. Informatics methods facilitate toxicity evaluation in complex systems. While aquatic microorganisms encompass viruses, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and algae, this review primarily focuses on bacteria and algae as model organisms due to their ecological relevance, sensitivity, and widespread use in standardized assays.},
}

*Aquatic Organisms/drug effects
Microalgae/drug effects
Bacteria/drug effects
*Toxicity Tests/methods
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Fungi/drug effects
Viruses/drug effects

@article {pmid41683185,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, D and Song, L and Zhong, X and Wu, Y and Zhang, Y and Yang, L},
title = {Integrated Molecular Informatics and Sensory-Omics Study of Core Trace Components and Microbial Communities in Sauce-Aroma High-Temperature Daqu from Chishui River Basin.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41683185},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {MTXYTD202501//Science and Technology Innovation Team of Moutai Institute/ ; QianKeHeJiChu-ZD[2025]018//Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)/ ; ZunShiKeHe HZ Zi[2023]112//The Fund of Zunyi Technology and Big data Bureau, Moutai Institute Joint Science and Technology Research and Development Project/ ; mygccrc[2022]011, mygccrc[2022]013//Research Foundation for Scientific Scholars of Moutai Institute/ ; XYNJ20240104//Moutai Institute & Guangdong Li'er'an Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd/ ; },
abstract = {Flavor-relevant trace volatiles and microbial communities were examined in six sauce-aroma high-temperature Daqu samples. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) quantified 210 trace volatile compounds across 14 chemical classes. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with variable importance in projection (VIP) screening was integrated with sensory scoring, correlation analysis, and molecular docking to an olfactory receptor model. Volatile profiles showed clear stratification in total abundance. Pyrazines dominated the high-total group. Tetramethylpyrazine served as a major driver. Sensory evaluation indicated that aroma explained overall quality best. (E)-2-pentenal and dimethyl trisulfide showed significant positive associations with aroma and overall scores. In the olfactory receptor, the polar residue module that provides directional constraints for Daqu odor activation was formed by Ser75, Ser92, Ser152, Ser258, Thr74, Thr76, Thr98, Thr200, Gln99, and Glu94. The hydrogen-bond or charge network was further reinforced by Arg150, Arg262, Asn194, His180, His261, Asp182, and Gln181. The core discriminant set comprised acetic acid, hexanoic acid, (E)-2-pentenal, nonanal, decanal, dimethyl trisulfide, trans-3-methyl-2-n-propylthiophane, 2-hexanone oxime, ethyl linoleate, propylene glycol, 2-ethenyl-6-methylpyrazine, 4-methylquinazoline, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, and 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxybenzene. Sequencing revealed higher bacterial diversity than fungal. Bacillus and Kroppenstedtia were dominant bacterial genera. Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Monascus, and Penicillium were major fungal genera. Correlation patterns suggested that Bacillus and Monascus were positively linked to acetic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxybenzene. Together, these results connected chemical fingerprints, sensory performance, receptor-level plausibility, and microbial ecology. Concrete targets are provided for quality control of high-temperature Daqu.},
}

@article {pmid41682587,
year = {2026},
author = {Sandeep, A and Jayarathna, S and Sandaruwan, S and Samarappuli, V and Meedeniya, D and Perera, C},
title = {Context-Aware Multi-Agent Architecture for Wildfire Insights.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {41682587},
issn = {1424-8220},
abstract = {Wildfires are environmental hazards with severe ecological, social, and economic impacts. Wildfires devastate ecosystems, communities, and economies worldwide, with rising frequency and intensity driven by climate change, human activity, and environmental shifts. Analyzing wildfire insights such as detection, predictive patterns, and risk assessment enables proactive response and long-term prevention. However, most of the existing approaches have been focused on isolated processing of data, making it challenging to orchestrate cross-modal reasoning and transparency. This study proposed a novel orchestrator-based multi-agent system (MAS), with the aim of transforming multimodal environmental data into actionable intelligence for decision making. We designed a framework to utilize Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) augmented by structured prompt engineering and specialized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines to enable transparent and context-aware reasoning, providing a cutting-edge Visual Question Answering (VQA) system. It ingests diverse inputs like satellite imagery, sensor readings, weather data, and ground footage and then answers user queries. Validated by several public datasets, the system achieved a precision of 0.797 and an F1-score of 0.736. Thus, powered by Agentic AI, the proposed, human-centric solution for wildfire management, empowers firefighters, governments, and researchers to mitigate threats effectively.},
}

@article {pmid41678735,
year = {2026},
author = {Jjingo, D and Walakira, A and Hashim, S and Cheickna, C and Galiwango, R and Kibet, C and Kivunike, FN and Mboowa, G and Kakembo, FE and Ayodele, B and Entfellner, JD and de Villiers, S and Wambui, K and Fatumo, S and Chikowore, T and Mukisa, J and Ssekagiri, A and Bbosa, N and Mulindwa, J and Kyobe, S and Nsubuga, M and Kebirungi, G and Katagirya, E and Mwesigwa, S and Lujumba, I and Kamulegeya, R and Kirimunda, S and Kanyerezi, S and Kiyaga, S and Sserwadda, I and Kiberu, D and Bagaya, BS and Okwir, J and Nabisubi, P and Nabakooza, G and Atwine, MT and Sserunjogi, R and Julius, R and Quiñones, M and McCarthy, M and Cruz, P and Noble, K and Whalen, CJ and Hurt, D and Giovanni, MY and Tartakovsky, M and Ssemwanga, D and Kitayimbwa, JM and Reynolds, SJ and Whalen, CC and Kambugu, A and Hanchard, NA and Jian, L and Amoako-Yirenkyi, P and Mardon, G and Jordan, IK and Salifu, SP and Wele, M and Adebiyi, E and Shaffer, JG and Doumbia, S and Kateete, DP and Skelton, M and Mulder, N and Kayondo, JK and Masiga, D and , },
title = {Pathways, outputs and impact of NIH-supported bioinformatics and genomics graduate trainees in Africa.},
journal = {Briefings in bioinformatics},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41678735},
issn = {1477-4054},
mesh = {*Computational Biology/education ; *Genomics/education ; United States ; Africa ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Education, Graduate ; Biomedical Research ; },
abstract = {Global biomedical and health research is increasingly relying on genomic and computational approaches, largely driven by the increasing volumes of nucleic acid sequencing. Concurrently, epidemiological studies and clinical records are generating enormous amounts of data amenable to disease modeling, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques. Bioinformatics and data science expertise is therefore essential for improved population health. Accordingly, in 2012, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) in partnership with the Wellcome Trust, and with support from the African Society for Human Genetics, initiated the H3Africa (Human Heredity and Health in Africa) consortium. One of its key goals was to build capacity among African scientists to lead research on genetic and environmental contributors to health and disease across the continent. In 2017, the NIH provided funding to support the establishment of four graduate bioinformatics training programs across five African universities. Over seven years, these programs enrolled multiple trainees (n > 270), with >110 earning Master's degrees and >20 completing PhDs in Bioinformatics. It is thus timely to evaluate the outcomes and impact of these programs, particularly regarding graduation rates, career trajectories, and the institutions and research domains their alumni are serving. We also assess employment outcomes and the nature of the research they are enabling (n > 110 peer-reviewed articles). We additionally include the progress and outputs of the programs' instructors, which were partially enabled by program resources, networks, and trainees. Overall, this review paints valuable insights into the pioneering role of NIH extramural support in shaping Africa's biomedical research landscape.},
}

*Computational Biology/education
*Genomics/education
United States
Africa
Humans
*National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
*Education, Graduate
Biomedical Research

@article {pmid41678582,
year = {2026},
author = {Cleanclay, WD and Kernyuy, FB and Kintung, IF and Yensii, NG and Chick, JA and Obi, AMM},
title = {Evaluating paratransgenesis using engineered symbiotic bacteria for Plasmodium inhibition in mosquito vectors: A systematic review.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {e0013654},
pmid = {41678582},
issn = {1935-2735},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mosquito Vectors/parasitology/microbiology ; *Anopheles/parasitology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Bacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; *Plasmodium ; },
abstract = {Malaria is a significant health problem in the world and has been increased by the emerging resistance to insecticides and antimalarial drugs. New measures must therefore be implemented as an emergency to break the cycle of Plasmodium parasite transmission by the Anopheles mosquitoes. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of paratransgenesis, an engineering approach that utilizes symbiotic microbes to deliver antiplasmodial molecules into the midgut of the mosquito as a transmission-blocking agent. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, yielding 1,289 records. Ten eligible studies were then included after screening. The chosen articles studied bacterial and fungal symbionts, such as Asaia, Serratia, Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Aspergillus oryzae, that have been engineered to produce effector proteins, such as Scorpine, EPIP, Defensin, and SM1-2 peptides. The delivery of oral sugar meals was always associated with colonization of the mosquito midguts, and results reported high levels of inhibition of oocysts or sporozoites in the mosquitoes. Scorpine was the strongest and most commonly used effector with a high level of up to 97.8% inhibition of P. falciparum oocysts in various microbial systems. The combination of two or multiple-effector approaches increased the efficacy in some cases, surpassing 89% parasite inhibition. The risk of bias measurement showed moderate variation in the methods, yet it was in favor of the sound findings. All evidence suggests that paratransgenesis is a potentially important malaria control tool, complementing existing approaches to malaria control. Nevertheless, ecological safety, microbial stability, and field validation are the key obstacles before the translation to large-scale use.},
}

Animals
*Mosquito Vectors/parasitology/microbiology
*Anopheles/parasitology/microbiology
*Symbiosis
*Bacteria/genetics/metabolism
*Malaria/prevention & control/transmission
Mosquito Control/methods
Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects
*Plasmodium

@article {pmid41678209,
year = {2026},
author = {Colnaghi, M and Santos, FP and Van Lange, PAM and Balliet, D},
title = {The ecological origins of collectivism and individualism.},
journal = {Psychological review},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1037/rev0000610},
pmid = {41678209},
issn = {1939-1471},
support = {//European Research Council; Horizon Europe/ ; },
abstract = {Interdependent subsistence styles, such as rice farming, are thought to underlie the evolution of collectivistic cultures, which emphasize collective welfare over individual gains. Rice farming can produce mutual dependence within communities but also create conflicting interests, as people cooperate to provide valuable public goods. However, current theories of the origins of collectivism fail to address the interplay between mutual dependence and conflict. As a consequence of these limitations, the evolutionary dynamics of collectivism and its association with cooperation are still unclear. We advance a theoretical model to study the evolution of cultural traits that enhance people's valuations of collective welfare, one of the key features of collectivistic cultures. Our model investigates the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation and cultural evolution in ecologies with distinct interdependence structures. We find evidence that higher degrees of mutual dependence facilitate the evolution and persistence of collectivism. However, the degree of conflicting interests also plays a crucial role in driving the diffusion and maintenance of collectivistic norms. In particular, the selective advantage of collectivism is strongest when people experience some degree of conflict of interests, an effect that is magnified by heightened mutual dependence. These results clarify how variation in interdependence could underlie the ecological origins of collectivism, lending support to and expanding the scope of current theories of the cultural evolution of cooperation. More broadly, the framework presented here elucidates how fitness interdependence can be influenced by different ecological factors, and, in turn, influence the evolution of social behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).},
}

@article {pmid41676438,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Ise, Y and Takami, H and Urakawa, R and Tateno, R and Toyoda, A and Ohte, N and Shi, W and Jiang, L and Isobe, K},
title = {Soil pH modulates microbial nitrogen allocation in soil via compositional and metabolic shifts across forests in Japan.},
journal = {iMetaOmics},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {e70054},
pmid = {41676438},
issn = {2996-9514},
abstract = {Ammonium release (ammonification) and uptake (immobilization) by soil microbial communities are fundamental processes of forest nitrogen (N) cycling, representing major N fluxes that influence plant productivity and ecosystem N retention. However, because these processes involve diverse metabolic pathways distributed across many taxa, they are difficult to evaluate using gene- or taxon-specific approaches, and it remains unclear how microbial community structure governs the patterns of these processes. In this study, we examined how the abundance, taxonomic composition, richness, and metabolic capabilities of microbial communities regulate ammonium-related N cycling processes across a wide range of forests in Japan, using rRNA gene sequencing and quantification, shotgun metagenomics, and [[15]]N tracer assays. Across the full gradients of soil pH and N content, microbial abundance was primarily correlated with the absolute rates of N cycling processes, while taxonomic composition and richness were more strongly correlated with N allocation-that is, the balance among ammonium release, ammonium uptake, and subsequent nitrification. Soils with higher pH supported taxonomic compositions linked to enhanced ammonium release and nitrification, whereas lower-pH soils hosted compositions associated with greater ammonium uptake and retention. Notably, the regulatory influence of taxonomic composition on N allocation was pronounced within the higher-pH range but diminished within the lower-pH range. Despite this environmental dependency, N allocation by soil microbial communities was ultimately constrained by their overall metabolic capabilities. In higher-pH soils, microbial communities were enriched in metabolic functions related to nutrient acquisition and respiratory N transformations, supporting increased ammonium release and N mobility. By contrast, microbial communities in lower-pH soils were enriched in stress-adaptive functions, which promoted ammonium retention and limited N transformations-thereby diminishing the regulatory influence in N cycling. Together, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how microbial community structure and metabolic capabilities regulate ammonium-related N cycling processes across forests under varying environmental conditions.},
}

@article {pmid41671148,
year = {2026},
author = {Buczek, DJ and Kabir, W and Lindstedt, K and Mäklin, T and Thorpe, HA and Suzuki, Y and Corander, J and Samuelsen, Ø and Sundsfjord, A},
title = {Sequence type and strain-level detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in culture-enriched bacterial metagenomes: comparative performance of mSWEEP and StrainGE bioinformatic tools.},
journal = {Microbial genomics},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41671148},
issn = {2057-5858},
mesh = {*Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics/classification/isolation & purification ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *Metagenome ; Humans ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Phylogeny ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of human infections and is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Carriage of K. pneumoniae in the gut is a major risk factor for infection and a reservoir for the spread of high-risk clonal lineages and associated AMR determinants. Accurate detection of K. pneumoniae at the subspecies level is therefore essential to better understand K. pneumoniae gut colonization ecology and clonal dissemination. We analysed two recently developed bioinformatic tools, mSWEEP and StrainGE, for sequence type (ST) detection of K. pneumoniae in culture-enriched sweep metagenomes compared to single-colony whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We show that both mSWEEP and StrainGE perform highly accurate ST detection, concordant with culture in 46/49 and 44/49 samples with WGS-detected single STs, respectively, as well as in 2/3 samples with two WGS-detected STs. Within-sample ST diversity was detected in 19 and 15 samples by mSWEEP and StrainGE, respectively, highlighting a major advantage of these tools over conventional single-colony WGS. StrainGE could also reconstruct accurate phylogenetic relationships between strains of the same ST for 2/3 different STs tested. Additionally, assembly of the genomes provides better resolution of ST detection by mSWEEP. Together, our results show that both mSWEEP and StrainGE are accurate tools for the detection and analysis of K. pneumoniae STs from mixed bacterial samples.},
}

*Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics/classification/isolation & purification
*Computational Biology/methods
*Metagenome
Humans
Whole Genome Sequencing
Phylogeny
Klebsiella Infections/microbiology
Genome, Bacterial

@article {pmid41669161,
year = {2026},
author = {Akre-Bhide, S and Cohen, ZD and Welborn, A and Zbozinek, TD and Craske, MG and Bui, A},
title = {Detecting momentary reward and affect with real-time passive digital sensor data.},
journal = {JAMIA open},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {ooag005},
pmid = {41669161},
issn = {2574-2531},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study explores the capability of passive digital sensor data from smartphones and smartwatches to predict self-reported ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of affect, motivation, interest, and pleasure in activities in an unseen test sample.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 245 depressed participants with high-to-low anhedonia (195 train, 50 test) generating 23 812 EMA sessions. Machine learning models were used to assess the ability of behavioral and physiological features, aggregated over windows of 15 minutes to 3 hours, to predict momentary subjective states.

RESULTS: For 12 of 15 EMA questions asked, machine learning models exceeded random chance in the fully-held-out test sample, suggesting detectable signals between passive measures and subjective states. Dependent on the sensor type, the optimal aggregation periods ranged from 15 minutes to 3 hours, with generally at least two hours of data being required. Subgroup analyses revealed variations in model performance by demographics, depression severity, and anhedonia severity.

CONCLUSION: This study establishes the feasibility of using passive digital sensing to detect momentary subjective states, providing a baseline for scalable, non-invasive mental health monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41668731,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, H and Li, J and Liu, L and Gu, Z and Yu, H and Xing, D and Zhao, T and Li, C},
title = {Multi-omics profiling reveals associations between gut microbiota and olfactory gene expression in mosquitoes.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1745848},
pmid = {41668731},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Female ; Male ; *Culex/microbiology/genetics/physiology ; Metagenomics ; *Smell/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Arthropod Antennae/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Computational Biology ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The interplay between gut microbiota and host physiological processes has been extensively studied in vertebrates, where it plays a crucial role in regulating appetite, emotion, immunity, and other physiological functions. However, whether a similar regulatory mechanism exists in insects remains unclear, especially regarding the long-distance regulation of olfactory function. This study focused on three Culex subspecies (Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens, and Culex pipiens molestus) that are closely related but exhibit significant differences in olfaction-dependent ecological habits. By integrating antennal transcriptomic and gut metagenomic data, we systematically analyzed the expression characteristics of olfactory-related genes, the structure of gut microbial communities, and their intrinsic associations.

METHODS: We integrated antennal transcriptomic and gut metagenomic sequencing to analyze olfactory-related gene expression, gut microbial community structure, and their intrinsic associations in male and female individuals of the three Culex subspecies. Bioinformatics analyses included differential gene screening, functional enrichment, microbial taxonomic annotation, and Spearman correlation analysis.

RESULT: The results showed that a large number of sex-specific and species-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the antennae of the three Culex subspecies. Among these, 345 DEGs were shared sex-specific genes across species, which were significantly enriched in pathways such as odor binding, signal transduction, and xenobiotic metabolism. At the phylum level, the gut microbial composition was dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, showing a conserved structure; at the genus level, 11 dominant genera (including Wolbachia, Elizabethkingia, and Asaia) exhibited distinct species-specific distribution patterns. Diversity analysis revealed that the gut microbial richness of male individuals was significantly higher than that of females, and the β-diversity showed an obvious "sex clustering" pattern.Correlation analysis further indicated that 152 DEGs were significantly correlated with 107 microbial genera. Among them, olfactory-related genes were closely associated with several core genera (e.g., Wolbachia, Asaia, Serratia). Gut microbes may remotely regulate the expression and function of olfactory genes in antennae through metabolites or signaling molecules, thereby influencing mosquito behaviors such as host localization, mating, and oviposition.

DISCUSSION: This study reveal the intrinsic association between gut microbes and olfactory function in Culex mosquitoes, providing a new perspective for understanding the "microbe-host" cross-organ regulatory mechanism and laying a theoretical foundation for the development of novel mosquito vector control strategies based on microbial or olfactory interference.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Female
Male
*Culex/microbiology/genetics/physiology
Metagenomics
*Smell/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling
Arthropod Antennae/metabolism
Transcriptome
Computational Biology
Multiomics

@article {pmid41667953,
year = {2026},
author = {Guccione, C and Sfiligoi, I and Gonzalez, A and Shaffer, JP and Kazachkova, M and Weng, Y and McDonald, D and Shah, SC and Minot, SS and Paulson, TG and Grady, WM and Alexandrov, LB and Knight, R and Curtius, K},
title = {Community assembly modeling of the microbiome within Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41667953},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {R01 CA270235/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5K12GM068524-17/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA023100/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; RG103468//University of California, San Diego/ ; 2019-67013-29137//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; ICX002027A//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; AGA2022-13-05//AGA Research Foundation/ ; P30 DK120515/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA270235/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5K12GM068524-17/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA023100/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK120515/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Computational modeling of somatic evolution, a process shaped by ecology and impacting both host cells and microbial communities in the human body, can capture important dynamics driving carcinogenesis. Here we considered models for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a cancer that has dramatically increased in incidence over the past few decades in Western populations, with high case fatality rates due to late-stage diagnoses. Despite advancements in genomic analyses of the precursor Barrett’s esophagus (BE), prevention of late-stage EAC remains a significant clinical challenge. Previous microbiome studies in BE/EAC have focused on quantifying static microbial abundance differences rather than determining population dynamics. Using whole genome sequencing data from a total of 505 esophageal samples, we first applied a robust bioinformatics pipeline to extract non-host DNA reads, mapped these putative reads to microbial taxa, and retained those taxa with high genomic coverage. When applying mathematical models of demographic stochasticity to sequential stages of progression to EAC, we observed evidence of neutral dynamics in community assembly within normal esophageal tissue and BE, but not EAC. In a large case–control study of BE patients who progressed to EAC versus BE patients with non-cancer outcomes (NCO) during follow-up (mean = 10.5 years), we found that Helicobacter pylori deviated significantly from the neutral expectation in BE NCO only, suggesting that factors related to H. pylori or H. pylori infection itself may influence EAC risk. Additionally, stochastic simulations incorporating selection recapitulated non-neutral behaviors observed. Formally modeling dynamics during progression holds promise in clinical applications by offering a deeper understanding of microbial involvement in cancer development.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-026-12545-w.},
}

@article {pmid41666339,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Wu, X and Le, X and Cheng, H and Peng, Q and Wen, L and Hou, H and Hayat, K and Liu, W and Yin, S},
title = {Multiomics Insights into the Ecotoxicological Effects of Soil Microplastics on Crop Plants.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {74},
number = {7},
pages = {5832-5844},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c11305},
pmid = {41666339},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {*Soil Pollutants/toxicity/metabolism ; *Crops, Agricultural/metabolism/drug effects/genetics/chemistry/growth & development ; *Microplastics/toxicity/metabolism ; Ecotoxicology ; Metabolomics ; Soil/chemistry ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) have become pervasive contaminants. This is due to plastic mulching, wastewater irrigation, and sludge application. Concentrations of MPs in intensive farming regions have been recorded at 41,741 particles/kg. MPs are absorbed by crop roots and leaves and then travel to reproductive organs. In these organs, they cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and toxicity, which disrupts nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and crop yield. This review summarizes 20 years (2003-2024) of studies on MP-distribution in soil-crop systems and their phytotoxicity mechanisms, highlighting the pioneering role of multiomics methods. Genomic analyses show that MPs cause DNA damage and change the expression levels of stress-response genes. Transcriptomics identifies disrupted pathways. These pathways are in carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormones, and antioxidant defense. Proteomics uncovers post-translational modifications. These affect nutrient transporters. Metabolomics further highlights disturbances in glycolysis, amino acid synthesis, and ROS-scavenging metabolites. Despite these advances, integrating multiomics data sets to elucidate systemic "gene-protein-metabolite" networks remains challenging. Key knowledge gaps include MP-protein binding mechanisms, the development of crop-specific biomarkers, and the interaction of MPs with costressors. Future research should prioritize integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic profiling to identify stress-response pathways, use X-ray crystallography to map MP-protein interactions, and develop MP-resilient crop varieties. Multiomics integration is essential for decoding the toxicity of the MPs and formulating mitigation strategies to safeguard the sustainability of agriculture.},
}

*Soil Pollutants/toxicity/metabolism
*Crops, Agricultural/metabolism/drug effects/genetics/chemistry/growth & development
*Microplastics/toxicity/metabolism
Ecotoxicology
Metabolomics
Soil/chemistry
Multiomics

@article {pmid41666224,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, B and Molton, I and Humbert, A and Baylor, C and Gregg, E and Ehde, D and Sullivan, J and Lanz, E and Schiller, M and Hurvitz, P and Lee, D},
title = {Environmental influences on community participation among people with multiple sclerosis: A mixed methods study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0342678},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0342678},
pmid = {41666224},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/psychology ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Community Participation ; Focus Groups ; Geographic Information Systems ; *Environment ; Aged ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of environmental factors (EFs) and personal factors (PFs) on community participation among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and identify areas for improvement.

METHODS: A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was used. A secondary data analysis of patient-reported outcomes and Global Positioning System (GPS) data was completed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine associations between five EFs, five PFs, and six community participation outcomes in 100 PwMS. Four focus groups were completed with 12 PwMS who use mobility aids and 12 who do not to understand how EFs affected community participation experiences. Thematic analysis was used.

RESULTS: Regression results showed significant associations between PFs and five community participation outcomes (R2 = 13% - 48%, p < 0.05), and EFs explained an additional 11% variation in satisfaction with participation and 11% in GPS-derived measures of activity space, after adjusting for PFs (ΔR² = 0.11, p < 0.05). Among individual EFs, after accounting for PFs, perceived financial resources was associated with ability to participate (B = 1.46, p = 0.018), and satisfaction with participation (B = 3.12, p < 0.001). Social support (B = -1.05, p = 0.022) and neighborhood safety (B = 1.3, p = 0.007) were associated with activity space. Qualitative findings revealed that mobility aid users experienced increased challenges in the built environment, and non-users reported more concerns about the attitudinal environment. They also described how environmental support enabled participation despite functional declines. Acceptance and adaptation were useful strategies, but participants called for improvements in the built environment, information access, MS specialty care, and public attitudes towards disability.

CONCLUSION: Community participation among PwMS is influenced by both PFs and EFs. Statistically, EFs uniquely affected participation satisfaction and activity space, while qualitative findings revealed major barriers and highlighted needs for improvement in physical, social, and attitudinal environments.},
}

Humans
*Multiple Sclerosis/psychology
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Adult
*Community Participation
Focus Groups
Geographic Information Systems
*Environment
Aged

@article {pmid41664417,
year = {2026},
author = {De Camargo, E and Schindler, S and Zülke, AE and Glaesmer, H and Hinz, A and Engel, C and Wirkner, K and Riedel-Heller, SG and Schomerus, G and Sander, C},
title = {Rest Assured: The Association of Structural, Functional Support, and Loneliness With Subjective Sleep Health.},
journal = {Journal of sleep research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70303},
doi = {10.1111/jsr.70303},
pmid = {41664417},
issn = {1365-2869},
support = {713-241202//Freistaat Sachsen/ ; 14505/2470//Freistaat Sachsen/ ; },
abstract = {Sleep is increasingly understood as a socially embedded phenomenon. This study examined how structural and functional aspects of social support, as well as loneliness, relate to sleep health in a German sample of middle-aged adults (N = 5388). Drawing on the socio-ecological model of sleep health, we assessed the contributions of social support dimensions while accounting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, as well as psychological covariates. The results of the binary logistic regression showed that functional support (ESSI), friend network size (LSNS6), and loneliness (CES-D item 14) significantly (p < 0.001) predicted sleep health (PSQI), while family network size did not. The portion of explained variance was small (4%-5%). Results remained robust after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, but no longer when including psychological covariates (GAD-7, SWLS, CES-D), in which case only the friend network size remained significant (p = 0.019). Women were significantly more affected by poor sleep health than men, and with higher socioeconomic status, fewer people reported suffering from poor sleep (all: p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analysis revealed higher age as a risk factor for worse sleep health in women only, while the friend network was only relevant in men. Our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between structural and functional dimensions of social support in sleep health research and interventions, and suggest a potential sex-by-age interaction. Future research should promote equity by including diverse populations and longitudinally examine how social support, especially friend networks, affects sleep across genders, ages, and contexts.},
}

@article {pmid41664026,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, H and Heo, SJ and Park, S and Lee, J and Do, G and Park, JY},
title = {Predicting suicidal and self-harm ideation using ecological momentary assessment: deep learning analysis in a general population sample.},
journal = {BMC psychiatry},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {192},
pmid = {41664026},
issn = {1471-244X},
support = {RS-2023-KH135442//Ministry of Health and Welfare/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicidal and self-harm ideation are major risk factors for suicide but are often difficult to detect, particularly in non-clinical populations. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) offers a real-time, low-burden method for monitoring psychological states, yet its predictive value outside clinical settings remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether brief, indirect daily EMA data collected via a smartphone app can predict suicidal and self-harm ideation two weeks later in a general population sample.

METHODS: A total of 499 adults in Korea completed 28 days of EMA using the BIG4 + app, reporting on seven daily items related to mood, sleep, appetite, concentration, fatigue, and loneliness. Suicidal and self-harm ideation were assessed using the CESD-R at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. A recurrent neural network with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture was trained on two-week EMA sequences, using 10-fold cross-validation.

RESULTS: The combined model using EMA and baseline data achieved an AUC of 0.873 for suicidal ideation and 0.821 for self-harm ideation. Predictive accuracy exceeded an AUC of 0.75 by day 6. Participants with ideation consistently showed lower scores on all EMA items. The study achieved a 94% compliance rate.

CONCLUSIONS: Brief, indirect EMA data can predict near-term suicidal and self-harm ideation in a general population. These findings support the feasibility of smartphone-based EMA as a scalable and non-intrusive tool for early detection of suicide risk.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-026-07815-6.},
}

@article {pmid41662068,
year = {2026},
author = {Sacco, MJ and Divita, G and Coale, K and Goldman, HH and Rosé, CP},
title = {An ecological model in support of an ontology of mental functioning.},
journal = {PLOS mental health},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {e0000407},
pmid = {41662068},
issn = {2837-8156},
abstract = {Health records contain rich sources of mental health data that can be used to evaluate disability and health care outcomes. However, a lack of behavioral health ontologies focused on daily life activity functioning has impeded development of clinical informatic tools to extract mental functioning information. We aim to present the theoretical foundation and conceptual model upon which the Ecological Mental Functioning Ontology (EMFO) was built to facilitate natural language processing (NLP) to extract mental functioning information in free-text clinical records. Subject matter experts operationally defined mental functioning, and a related theoretical perspective was established. Face validity of a proposed model was obtained using an iterative grounded theory approach. An annotation schema based on the model was constructed and tested using manual annotation and consensus on datasets of real and synthetic clinical notes. An annotation schema, based on the Ecological Model of Mental Functioning (EMMF), was shown to be robust when using NLP methods to identify and extract mental functioning information in real and synthetic behavioral health clinical notes. Mental functioning is a complex phenomenon that is fully conceptualized within an ecological milieu encompassing the dynamic transactive relationship between the person, the nature and demands of activities the person participates in, and the external contextual and environmental factors within which the activities take place. By operationalizing mental functioning, the EMMF provided a conceptual roadmap to develop the EMFO and NLP methods that identify and extract mental functioning activity information in clinical records.},
}

@article {pmid41661144,
year = {2026},
author = {Miller-Viacava, N and Apoux, F and Ferriere, R and Friedman, NR and Mullet, TC and Sueur, J and Willie, J and Lorenzi, C},
title = {Modulation statistics of natural soundscapesa).},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
volume = {159},
number = {2},
pages = {1263-1289},
doi = {10.1121/10.0039892},
pmid = {41661144},
issn = {1520-8524},
mesh = {*Acoustics ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Sound ; Time Factors ; Sound Spectrography ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Modulation statistics of "natural soundscapes" were estimated by calculating the modulation power spectrum (MPS) of a database of acoustic samples recorded in nine pristine terrestrial habitats for four moments of the day and two contrasting periods, differing in precipitation level. In particular, a set of statistics estimating low-pass quality, starriness, separability, asymmetry, modulation depth, and 1/ftα temporal-modulation power-law relationships were calculated from the MPS of the samples and related to geographical, meteorological factors and diel variations. MPS were found to be generally low-pass in shape in the modulation domain with most of their modulation power restricted to low temporal (<10-20 Hz) and spectral modulations (<0.5-1 cycle/kHz). Modulation statistics were distinguished between habitats irrespective of moment of the day and precipitation period with a greater role of modulation depth and starriness. Separability and starriness were found to be related to the global biodiversity decrease from tropical to polar regions, suggesting that the lack of joint high spectral and fast temporal modulations and MPS complexity are important features that may characterise "biophony," the collective sound produced by animals in a given habitat. These findings may help guide research on monitoring auditory behaviours and underlying mechanisms expected to exploit regularities of natural scenes.},
}

*Acoustics
Animals
*Ecosystem
*Sound
Time Factors
Sound Spectrography
*Vocalization, Animal
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Biodiversity

@article {pmid41660072,
year = {2026},
author = {Katapally, TR and Elsahli, N and Ibrahim, ST and Bhawra, J},
title = {Human-centered AI to promote youth mental health: a serendipitous natural experiment enabled by a digital health platform.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e20772},
pmid = {41660072},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Mental Health ; Male ; Female ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Health Promotion/methods ; Rural Population ; Mobile Applications ; Longitudinal Studies ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health systems are struggling to deliver timely preventive care, particularly for marginalized populations, necessitating integration across health, education, and social services. For Indigenous youth in rural communities, fragmented services, isolation, and limited culturally safe options worsen mental health disparities. Interactive technologies, particularly human-centered artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled digital health platforms grounded in human-computer interaction (HCI), can enable remote interaction with citizens and decision-makers. This study investigated a serendipitous natural experiment to assess varying levels of platform nudging on Indigenous youth compliance in a longitudinal intervention.

METHOD: This study emerged from the final year of a 5-year initiative embedding a culturally appropriate digital health intervention into school curricula in rural Indigenous communities. While the broader aim was to assess long-term mental health outcomes, an unexpected system disruption assessment of digital nudging on compliance. The platform featured two interfaces: a citizen-facing mobile app for ecological assessments and nudges, and a scientist dashboard for monitoring engagement and triggering nudges. Youth received three nudges: (1) daily system-triggered reminders to complete assessments, (2) weekly non-personalized messages (e.g., land-based activity reminders), and (3) weekly personalized "Best Picture" messages showcasing youth-submitted images. The disruption created four phases: Phase 1 included all nudges; Phase 2 removed non-personalized and personalized nudges; Phase 3 reintroduced them; Phase 4 removed only personalized nudges. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc tests in R 4.4.2.

RESULTS: Compliance, measured by completed mobile ecological prospective assessments (mEPAs), varied significantly across most phases. Comprehensive nudging (Phase 1) yielded the highest completion rates and fastest response times, which declined following the removal of personalized scientist-triggered nudges. Loss of personalized scientist-triggered nudges had the most substantial impact on compliance.

CONCLUSIONS: Consistent system-triggered reminders and personalized "Best Picture" nudges were most effective in sustaining compliance. Findings highlight the importance of integrating personalized, two-way communication features into digital health platforms to strengthen engagement in rural Indigenous communities. By enabling real-time interaction between youth and scientists, the platform supported integration across health, education, and research sectors. Its human-controlled backend and customizable citizen-facing interface reflect principles of human-centered AI, emphasizing trust and autonomy. This approach offers a scalable model for ethical, effective digital interventions that balance technological precision and participant agency.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*Mental Health
Male
Female
*Artificial Intelligence
*Health Promotion/methods
Rural Population
Mobile Applications
Longitudinal Studies
Digital Health

@article {pmid41659429,
year = {2026},
author = {Vallecillo-Zuniga, ML and Akeefe, A and Brown, DG and Wahlig, TA and Marchetti, M and Heiner, T and Davis, KL and Nieznanski, C and Flynn, A and Leung, DT},
title = {Longitudinal Changes in Nasal and Oral Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles in Response to Human Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41659429},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {UM1 TR004409/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002538/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD034321/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HG008962/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD021644/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL105321/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA042014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The gut-lung axis describes interactions between intestinal and respiratory mucosal systems through microbial, metabolic, and immune pathways, but the systemic impact of gut-targeted therapies on upper respiratory tract (URT) communities remains underexplored. We conducted a longitudinal study in adult patients undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) alongside healthy controls. Fecal, nasal, and oral samples were collected at baseline (Day 0) and on Days 14 and 56 following FMT. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to quantify microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). FMT was associated with increased gut diversity and decreased levels of key intestinal taxa commonly considered pathobionts, including Klebsiella spp., Escherichia spp., Shigella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the phylum level, fecal Bacteroidota increased, while Mucoromycota decreased following treatment. Post-FMT nasal microbiome changes included reduced richness and diversity, expansion of Moraxella, and decreases in taxa linked with respiratory colonization, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. By Day 56, nasal communities partially recovered toward healthy profiles. Baseline nasal ARG abundance decreased following FMT, particularly among β-lactam, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and remained comparable to healthy controls by Day 56. In contrast, the oral microbiome and oral resistome remained largely stable, with only minor fluctuations, and no consistent increases in respiratory pathobiont-associated taxa. In summary, FMT was associated with broader effects beyond the gut, including changes in the URT microbial ecology and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Together, these findings are consistent evidence of gut-lung microbial interactions, linking intestinal dynamics with respiratory microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance patterns.},
}

@article {pmid41655849,
year = {2026},
author = {Losiewicz, OM and Wen, A and Cohen, ZD and Akre, S and Bui, AAT and Craske, MG},
title = {Negative emotional inflexibility underlies biological inflexibility: An ecological momentary assessment and passive digital sensing study.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {402},
number = {},
pages = {121352},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2026.121352},
pmid = {41655849},
issn = {1573-2517},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; *Emotions/physiology ; *Heart Rate/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Bayes Theorem ; Young Adult ; *Major Depressive Disorder/physiopathology/psychology ; },
abstract = {Emotional flexibility, thought to reflect the ability to adapt to internal and external environmental stimuli, is associated with psychological well-being. Emotional inertia and network density, defined as stability and interconnectedness, respectively, of emotions, are aspects of emotion dynamics that represent low emotional flexibility. Studies examining biological substrates of emotional persistence are largely limited to emotional inertia and non-depressed samples. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is a transdiagnostic biomarker for psychopathology thought to be associated with emotional flexibility. This study examined whether emotional inertia and network density were associated with HRV in adults with moderate-to-severe depression (N = 315). Participants completed three 8-day epochs of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) five times daily. Smartwatches measured HRV throughout the study. Emotional inertia and idiographic networks were calculated separately for EMA-rated negative and positive affect. Bayesian dynamic structural equation models with noninformative prior distributions examined the association between emotional inertia and HRV; hierarchical linear modeling examined associations between network density and HRV. Both daytime and bedrest HRV were inversely associated with contemporaneous network density of negative emotions. HRV was not associated with inertia, positive network density, or average EMA-reported affect, though it was associated with age, antidepressant medication, and physical exercise. This was the first study to examine HRV in relation to these emotion dynamics in a depressed sample. The results suggest that experiencing a variety of negative emotions within a short period of time may be associated with underlying biological inflexibility. Future studies should examine the directionality and mechanisms behind this effect and explore potential clinical interventions.},
}

Humans
*Ecological Momentary Assessment
Male
Female
Adult
*Emotions/physiology
*Heart Rate/physiology
Middle Aged
Bayes Theorem
Young Adult
*Major Depressive Disorder/physiopathology/psychology

@article {pmid41653831,
year = {2026},
author = {Jano, T and Sayed, AN and Hossen, MM and Sardianos, C and Hamila, R and Bensaali, F and Varlamis, I and Dimitrakopoulos, G},
title = {Closing the loop: A systematic review of artificial intelligence in circular e-waste management.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {115392},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115392},
pmid = {41653831},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {The proliferation of technological advancements, knitted with volatile consumption patterns and poor end-of-life management of discarded electronics, is currently outpacing sustainability transitions, putting increasing strain on finite material resources and heightening ecological vulnerability. This, in turn, has made electronic waste a stealth contributor to climate change with adverse impacts on the environment, economy, and society at large. This reality underscores the urgent need for a strategic shift from linear waste-disposal methods to circular pathways, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) can build more sustainable feedback loops. At the nexus of AI and circular e-waste management, this study systematically reviews 147 articles from 2019 to October 2025. The analysis reveals a steady increase in AI adoption, particularly in deep learning-based detection and classification applications. To structure the evidence from the literature, a six-tier taxonomy is proposed, encompassing AI methods, lifecycle stages, data, waste types, limitations, challenges, and future pathways and opportunities. Beyond technical interventions, systemic and operational barriers that demand strategic levers to address regulatory ambiguities, legislative gaps, managerial inefficiencies, and logistical fragmentation are elucidated. These challenges underpin data availability and generalizability, as well as the lack of standardization, interoperability gaps, and barriers to the ethical and regulatory adoption of AI. In practice, these constraints limit the development of uncertainty-aware electronic waste systems capable of functioning under realistic operational dynamics. To this end, the paper reframes AI-based systems from terminal sinks to regenerative loops, aligning technological progress with sustainable electronic waste management.},
}

@article {pmid41653553,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghosh, A and Bhakta, S and Kapse, N and Dhakephalkar, PK and Patra, C and Gorain, B},
title = {Micro/nanoplastic-mediated gut dysbiosis and its impact on cardiac and neuroimmune function in zebrafish model: A multi-omics approach.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1017},
number = {},
pages = {181443},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181443},
pmid = {41653553},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Zebrafish ; *Dysbiosis/chemically induced ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Microplastics/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Heart/drug effects ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {The pervasive distribution of micro- and nanoplastics (M/NPs) across ecosystems necessitates a mechanistic investigation into their toxicological consequences. Chronic exposure to M/NPs through combined intestinal uptake and branchial contact in aquatic animals disrupts epithelial barrier integrity, alters gastric secretions and luminal pH, and induces microbial dysbiosis, evidenced by the depletion of commensal taxa and expansion of pathogenic strains. These local perturbations trigger systemic sequelae, including neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Consequences on cross-species analyses demonstrate translational concordance, as human studies similarly link M/NP bioaccumulation with inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive decline, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Integrative multi-omics approaches, encompassing transcriptomic, metabolomic, and microbiome analyses, have begun to elucidate the molecular cascades underpinning M/NP toxicity, providing high-resolution insights into host-microbe-environment interactions. Notwithstanding these advances, critical gaps remain in chronic exposure modelling, capturing particle heterogeneity, and ensuring ecological realism. In this context, zebrafish (Danio rerio) provide a uniquely tractable system for gnotobiotic rearing, microbial transplantation, and live imaging, thereby enabling causal inference and functional validation in real-time. Collectively, this review establishes zebrafish as a pivotal model for elucidating M/NP-induced gut dysbiosis, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. Multi-omics analyses and translational evidence reveal systemic inflammation, immune-metabolic disruptions, and mechanistic links to human health, providing a foundation for targeted research, regulatory frameworks, and interventions to mitigate environmental M/NP exposure.},
}

Animals
*Zebrafish
*Dysbiosis/chemically induced
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Microplastics/toxicity
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Heart/drug effects
Multiomics

@article {pmid41652929,
year = {2026},
author = {Pérez-Granados, C and Morant, J and Darras, KFA and Marín-Gómez, OH and Mendoza, I and Muñoz-Mohedano, MA and Santamaría-García, E and Bastianelli, G and Márquez-Rodríguez, A and Budka, M and Bota, G and De la Peña-Rubio, JM and de la Morena, ELG and Santa-Cruz, M and de la Nava, P and Fernández-Tizón, M and Sánchez-Mateos, H and Barrero, A and Traba, J and Osiejuk, TS and Hart, PJ and Navine, AK and Montoya Muñoz, AF and de Araujo, CB and Rosa, GLM and Denóbile Torres, IM and Camargo Catalano, AL and Simões, CR and Llusia, D and Morales, MB and Acebes, P and Medina, JA and Brown, N and Astaras, C and Karmiris, I and Navarrete, E and Cauchoix, M and Barbaro, L and Funosas, D and Arend, D and Müeller, S and González-García, F and González-Romero, A and Mammides, C and Pontikis, M and Jacuzzi, G and Olden, JD and Bombaci, SP and Marcacci, G and Jacot, A and Zurano, JP and Gangenova, E and Varela, D and Di Sallo, F and Zurita, GA and Atemasov, A and Tremblay, JA and Lamarre, V and Hutschenreiter, A and Monroy-Ojeda, A and Díaz-Vallejo, M and Chaparro-Herrera, S and Briers, RA and Sousa-Lima, R and Pinheiro, T and da Silva, WC and Calvente, A and Molin, AD and Antonelli, A and Gogoleva, S and Palko, I and Trọng, HV and Lage Duarte, MH and Dos Santos Saturnino, N and Silva, SR and Rainho, A and Lopes, P and Schuchmann, KL and Marques, MI and de Oliveira, AS and Littlewood, NA and Tuanmu, MN and Cheng, YR and Chao, H and Kepfer-Rojas, S and Aguilera, AL and Brotons, L and Feldman, MJ and Imbeau, L and Panwar, P and Weed, AS and Deshwal, A and da Paz, RV and Salustio-Gomes, C and Oliveira-Júnior, DD and Lima-Santos, CS and Pichorim, M and Pan, W and Goodale, E and Attisano, A and Theuerkauf, J and Sebastián-González, E},
title = {WABAD: A world annotated bird acoustic dataset for passive acoustic monitoring.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70317},
pmid = {41652929},
issn = {1939-9170},
mesh = {Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal/physiology ; *Acoustics ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Databases, Factual ; },
abstract = {Under the current global biodiversity crisis, there is a need for automated and noninvasive monitoring techniques that can gather large amounts of data cost-effectively at various ecological scales, from local to large spatial scales. These data can then be analyzed to inform stakeholders and decision-makers. One such technique is passive acoustic monitoring, which is commonly coupled with automatic identification of animal species based on their sound. Automated sound analyses usually require the training of sound detection and identification algorithms. These algorithms are based on annotated acoustic datasets which mark the occurrence of sounds of species inside sound recordings. However, compiling large annotated acoustic datasets is time-consuming and requires experts, and therefore, they normally cover reduced spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales. This data paper presents WABAD, the World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset for passive acoustic monitoring. WABAD is designed to provide the public, the research community, and conservation managers with a novel and globally representative annotated acoustic dataset. This database includes 5047 min of audio files annotated to species-level by local experts with the start and end time and the upper and lower frequencies of each identified bird vocalization in the recordings. The database has a wide taxonomic and spatial coverage, including information on 91,931 vocalizations from 1192 bird species recorded at 72 recording sites in 29 recording locations (mainly countries) and distributed across 13 biomes. WABAD can be used, for example, for developing and/or validating automatic species detection algorithms, answering ecological questions, such as assessing geographical variations on bird vocalizations, or comparing acoustic diversity indices with species-based diversity indices. The dataset is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license that permits redistribution and reuse on the condition that the original work is properly credited.},
}

Animals
*Birds/physiology
*Vocalization, Animal/physiology
*Acoustics
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
*Databases, Factual

@article {pmid41649635,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, L and Qian, J and Liu, Y and Zhang, J and Zhang, K and Zhu, X},
title = {Simulation and optimization of multiple permeable reactive barriers (multi-PRBs) for acid mine drainage (AMD) based on machine learning.},
journal = {Environmental geochemistry and health},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {143},
pmid = {41649635},
issn = {1573-2983},
support = {No. 2022YFC3702203//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Machine Learning ; *Mining ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Theoretical ; Drainage ; },
abstract = {Multiple permeable reactive barriers (multi-PRBs) are an effective in-situ technology for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment. However, their practical implementation is hindered by unclear mechanisms and a lack of decision models. In this study, a coupled processes numerical model was developed to simulate the synergistic removal of TFe and SO42[-] through multi-PRBs with the optimized sequence of limestone, followed by biochar and then D201 resin. Machine learning integrated with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (ML-NSGAII) was proposed for optimization, in which a Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) served as a highly accurate surrogate model (R[2] > 0.99) to predict system performance, reducing the computational load by 99.7% compared to conventional methods. Spearman correlation analysis and SHAP model interpretation revealed hydraulic load and filler size as the most influential parameters. Application of the TOPSIS-entropy weight method to the Pareto-optimal solution set yielded a final design that significantly enhanced system service life and treatment capacity while reducing costs. This research provides a practical and computationally efficient strategy for designing multi-PRBs for AMD treatment.},
}

*Machine Learning
*Mining
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Neural Networks, Computer
Computer Simulation
Models, Theoretical
Drainage

@article {pmid41649413,
year = {2026},
author = {Jo, S and Lee, HG and Nam, DH and Park, C},
title = {Use of metabarcoding detects the rapid onset of cultivation bias in the culture-based profiling of marine sediment bacterial communities.},
journal = {Letters in applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/lambio/ovag020},
pmid = {41649413},
issn = {1472-765X},
abstract = {When cultivation-based microbiology is used to isolate strains from environmental samples, the cultured populations may not represent ecologically relevant taxa in the source community. To address this, we employed pre-cultivation metabarcoding to establish a baseline community profile and detect cultivation bias. Using time-resolved cultivation of marine sediment bacteria, we demonstrated the need for initial community characterization. Sediment-derived microbiomes were cultured in Marine Broth 2216 and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. A rapid 10-fold reduction in alpha diversity was observed within the 6 h (from 1029 amplicon sequence variants to 34-106), with the genus Vibrio reaching near-complete dominance (>95%) from 18 to 24 h, while environmentally dominant taxa such as Acinetobacter were quickly excluded. This dramatic shift illustrates that, without baseline characterization, cultivation-induced artifacts cannot be clearly distinguished from ecologically meaningful patterns. Fast-growing generalists can quickly outcompete ecologically significant taxa, distorting isolation outcomes and hindering the recovery of functionally important microorganisms. We show that metabarcoding at 0 h can identify cultivation biases, help interpret isolation results, and suggest targeted strategies for recovering ecologically relevant taxa. This integrated approach facilitates more accurate recovery and analysis of functionally significant microbial diversity.},
}

@article {pmid41648310,
year = {2026},
author = {Szenei, J and Burke, A and Liong, A and Korenskaia, A and Lukowski, AL and Ziemert, N and Nikel, PI and Leão, PN and Moore, BS and Weber, T and Blin, K},
title = {Computational pipeline reveals nature's untapped reservoir of halogenating enzymes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41648310},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R01 GM085770/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM159745/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Microbial halogenated natural products (hNPs) hold ecological, agricultural, and biomedical relevance. The hNP-producing potential of the organism can be assessed by the precise prediction of biosynthetic enzymes, yet the detailed annotations of halogenases are often missing from genomic and metagenomic data. We created a manually curated database (https://halogenases.secondarymetabolites.org/) containing information on the halide-specificity, role, and position of verified catalytic residues and results of the mutagenesis studies of more than 120 experimentally validated or in silico inferred halogenases. The collection of experimental data supports a computational pipeline that allows the family-, substrate-, and halide-scope-level annotation of halogenating enzymes by relying on catalytic residues, conserved motifs, and profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs). Our analysis with sequence similarity networks (SSNs) highlighted several underexplored clusters in the UniRef50 database. Such finding was a halogenase from Rhodopirellula baltica (RhobaVHPO) previously labelled as a hypothetical chloroperoxidase, which clustered apart from the known chloroperoxidases and bromoperoxidases, but accepted chloride and preferred bromide. Our database and workflow provide extensive and scalable solutions for the systematic and precise annotation of halogenating enzymes in genomic and metagenomic data. The in-depth categorization of halogenases will improve the chemical structure prediction of microbial hNPs, supporting ecological assessments and natural product discovery.},
}

@article {pmid41648011,
year = {2025},
author = {Rappazzo, AC and Lo Giudice, A and Giannarelli, S and Rizzo, C and Tomei, A and Ghezzi, L and Cairns, WRL and Azzaro, M and Papale, M},
title = {Diverging contaminant profiles and prokaryotic assemblages in Arctic and Antarctic lake sediments.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1722478},
pmid = {41648011},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace metals are increasingly recognized as critical drivers of ecological change in polar environments. However, their combined impact on sediment microbial communities remains largely unexplored.

METHODS: We analyzed sediments from 12 high-latitude lakes and ponds, five from the Arctic (Svalbard) and seven from the Antarctic (South Shetland Islands/Deception Island), to examine contaminant profiles (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] and trace metals) and prokaryotic community structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Finally, we assessed the associations between the identified communities and detected pollutants, and compared these associations across lakes and sites.

RESULTS: The results revealed distinct chemical signatures between poles: Arctic sediments were mainly contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑PAHs, 18.5-685.7 ppb; phenanthrene was the most abundant), whereas Antarctic sediments showed relatively higher concentrations of chlorobenzenes (∑CBs, 1.9-3.6 ppb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑PCBs, 0.9-1.4 ppb), with 2-methylnaphthalene as the most abundant PAH. Manganese was the most abundant metal in both regions, reaching 760 ppm in the Arctic, while elevated arsenic and lead characterized specific Antarctic sites. Amplicon sequencing identified five dominant phyla (i.e., Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Desulfobacterota) with significant compositional shifts between poles.

DISCUSSION: Notably, the distinct contaminant signatures between regions appeared to be associated with shifts in microbial community composition, suggesting that both the type and intensity of POP and metal exposure may influence bacterial diversity and ecological functions in polar lake sediments. These findings provide a robust baseline for Arctic-Antarctic comparisons, positioning polar lakes as sensitive sentinels of contaminant-driven ecological change. They also underscore the urgent need for functional studies and long-term monitoring to evaluate ecosystem resilience under accelerating climate change.},
}

@article {pmid41644669,
year = {2026},
author = {White, SL and Brasher, MS and Pattee, J and Zhou, W and Chapman, S and Jee, YH and Bell, CC and Jamil, TL and Barrio, M and Arehart, CH and Evans, LM and Hirbo, J and Cox, NJ and Straub, P and Namba, S and Bertucci-Richter, E and Guare, L and Edris, A and Morris, S and Mulford, AJ and Zhang, H and Fennessy, B and Tobin, MD and Chen, J and Williams, AT and John, C and van Heel, DA and Mathur, R and Finer, S and Moksnes, MR and Brumpton, BM and Åsvold, BO and Peculis, R and Rovite, V and Konrade, I and Wang, Y and Crooks, K and Chavan, S and Fisher, MJ and Rafaels, N and Lin, M and Shortt, JA and Sanders, AR and Whiteman, DC and MacGregor, S and Medland, SE and Thorsteinsdóttir, U and Stefánsson, K and Karaderi, T and Egan, KM and Bocklage, T and McCrary, HC and Riedlinger, G and Salhia, B and Shriver, C and Phan, MD and Farlow, JL and Edge, S and Kaur, V and Churchman, ML and Rounbehler, RJ and Brock, PL and Ringel, MD and Pividori, M and Schweppe, R and Raeburn, CD and Walters, RG and Chen, Z and Li, L and Matsuda, K and Okada, Y and Zöllner, S and Verma, A and , and Preuss, MH and Kenny, E and Hendricks, AE and Fishbein, L and Kraft, P and Daly, MJ and Neale, BM and , and , and , and , and Martin, AR and Cole, JB and Haugen, BR and , and Gignoux, CR and Pozdeyev, N},
title = {Global multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify genes and biological pathways associated with thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases.},
journal = {Nature genetics},
volume = {58},
number = {2},
pages = {307-316},
pmid = {41644669},
issn = {1546-1718},
support = {R00HG011898//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)/ ; R00 HG011898/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; I01 BX006252/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; CO-J-24-170//Colorado University | UC Denver | Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI)/ ; R21 CA282380/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG046938/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; NNF20OC0062294//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; UL1 TR002535/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; R00 HG012222/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; 1R21CA282380//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Thyroid Diseases/genetics ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Graves Disease/genetics ; },
abstract = {Thyroid diseases are common and highly heritable. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from 19 biobanks for five thyroid diseases: thyroid cancer (ThC), benign nodular goiter, Graves' disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis and primary hypothyroidism. We analyzed genetic association data from ~2.9 million genomes and identified 313 known and 570 new independent loci linked to thyroid diseases. We discovered genetic correlations between ThC, benign nodular goiter and autoimmune thyroid diseases (rg = 0.16-0.97). Telomere maintenance genes contributed to benign and malignant thyroid nodular disease risk, whereas cell cycle, DNA repair and damage response genes were associated with ThC. We propose a paradigm that explains genetic predisposition to benign and malignant thyroid nodules. We found polygenic risk score associations with ThC risk of structural disease recurrence, tumor size, multifocality, lymph node metastases and extranodal extension. Polygenic risk scores identified individuals with aggressive ThC in a biobank, creating an opportunity for genetically informed population screening.},
}

Humans
*Genome-Wide Association Study
*Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Thyroid Diseases/genetics
Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Graves Disease/genetics

@article {pmid41643370,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiajun, C and Xiaojuan, X and Shiyan, C and Xiaoli, Y and Yan, Z and Junfang, Z and Zhiliang, Z and Daqiang, Y and Yanling, Q},
title = {PFOA and co-exposure with PFOS induce AMPK-dependent hypoglycemia in mice: integrated evidence from physiology, multi-omics, and molecular docking.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {110076},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2026.110076},
pmid = {41643370},
issn = {1873-6750},
mesh = {*Fluorocarbons/toxicity ; Animals ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Mice ; *Alkanesulfonic Acids/toxicity ; Male ; *Caprylates/toxicity ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Hypoglycemia/chemically induced ; *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are persistent environmental contaminants with increasing evidence of metabolic toxicity. However, their effects on glucose homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the metabolic consequences of PFOA, PFOS and co-exposure in male C57BL/6 mice for 28 days. Physiological indicators, including fasting blood glucose and hepatic glycogen, were evaluated, followed by transcriptomic, metabolomic, and molecular docking analyses. We found that PFOA and PFOS co-exposure significantly induced hypoglycemia and reduced hepatic glycogen content. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed enriched pathways related to glucose metabolism, with the AMPK signaling pathway identified as a central mediator. Notably, PFOA and co-exposure upregulated glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation genes, while suppressing glycogen synthesis regulators. Molecular docking further indicated that both PFOA and PFOS could bind to adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2), potentially disrupting normal receptor-mediated AMPK activation. Together, these findings establish an AdipoR1/2-AMPK-mediated mechanism for PFAS-induced glucose metabolic disruption, particularly under PFOA or co-exposure. We provide the integrated physiological and mechanistic evidence linking PFAS exposure to AMPK-dependent hypoglycemia, highlighting the need for metabolic health risk assessments of PFAS mixtures in the environment.},
}

*Fluorocarbons/toxicity
Animals
Molecular Docking Simulation
Mice
*Alkanesulfonic Acids/toxicity
Male
*Caprylates/toxicity
Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Hypoglycemia/chemically induced
*Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Multiomics

@article {pmid41642108,
year = {2026},
author = {Venkatraman, S and Pongchaikul, P and Balasubramanian, B and Anurathapan, U and Meller, J and Tohtong, R and Hongeng, S and Chutipongtanate, S},
title = {Transcriptomic Correlation Identifies Cell Model Representatives for MYCN-Amplified Pediatric Neuroblastoma, Downstream Impact of Model Choice on Functional Interpretation, and Potential Drug Repositioning Candidates.},
journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {15578100261419486},
doi = {10.1177/15578100261419486},
pmid = {41642108},
issn = {1557-8100},
abstract = {Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy of children, and MYCN amplification defines a high-risk subtype with poor outcomes. Although widely used in preclinical drug discovery, NB cell lines are often selected based on availability rather than the molecular characteristics of patient-derived tumors, leading to a critical translational gap between experimental outcomes and clinical relevance. To address this, we developed a rank-based transcriptomic correlation framework to assess the concordance between patient-derived tumors (n = 642; combined from the SEQC/MAQC-III and TARGET cohorts) and publicly available NB cell lines (n = 39). This system-level analysis enabled the identification of cell model representatives (CMRs) that closely recapitulate the gene expression landscapes of clinical tumors. COG-N-557, SMS-KAN, and NB-SD emerged as the top CMRs for MYCN-amplified tumors, whereas COG-N-549, FELIX, and SK-N-SH were identified for MYCN-nonamplified tumors. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that MYCN-amplified CMRs retain key transcriptional programs involved in neuronal development and tumor proliferation, supporting their biological relevance. Leveraging these models, we integrated pharmacogenomic connectivity mapping and drug-gene network analyses to uncover kinase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators as promising therapeutic candidates capable of targeting MYCN-driven transcriptional programs, despite MYCN being an undruggable oncogene. In conclusion, this study addresses a fundamental systems biology and translational research gap by establishing a data-driven framework for selecting NB cell lines that accurately reflect patient-derived tumor biology with direct implications for prioritizing therapeutically relevant drug candidates. Future studies should prioritize the top CMRs as in vitro models to enhance translational relevance and accelerate precision drug discovery in high-risk pediatric NB.},
}

@article {pmid41640395,
year = {2026},
author = {Deane, DC and Hui, C and McGeoch, M},
title = {An Ecological Definition and Objective Threshold for Differentiating Small Fragments.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e73054},
pmid = {41640395},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {In an increasingly fragmented natural world, understanding how different ecological phenomena vary with patch size has many motivations. Examples include the assembly of biodiversity, ecosystem service provision and the suitability of fragments for habitat specialist species. A common approach to such questions divides fragments into small and large size classes for separate analysis. However, lack of an objective definition and means to differentiate 'small' from 'large' patches limits our ability to compare findings across studies, arguably impeding progress toward any unified views. Because larger and smaller fragments tend, on average, to respectively over-represent narrow- and wide-range species, an 'area for unbiased species representation' (AUSR) can be defined at some intermediate fragment size predicted to contain species at incidence frequencies approximating that of the overall landscape. A central tendency for AUSR has previously been estimated for patchy habitats (islands, habitat islands and fragments), providing a benchmark to compare this threshold of small fragment size between studies. However, if AUSR can be readily determined within individual study systems, it would also provide an objective threshold to separate small and large fragments under the AUSR definition. Here we assess this potential for 138 published datasets from various fragmented landscapes using an index comparing species incidence frequencies in each fragment with that of the overall landscape. Regressing this index on fragment area yielded an estimate for AUSR in over 90% of cases, suggesting broad applicability as an objective way to separate fragments into two size classes. Regression slopes provide further information on the relative representation of narrow- vs. wide-range species, with ~80% being numerically consistent with the overall negative trend. Requiring only the same data as the island species-area relationship, AUSR can provide useful insights on the relative importance of narrow- vs. wide-ranging species for studies of patch-size dependence in ecological phenomena.},
}

@article {pmid41639126,
year = {2026},
author = {Molino, RJEJ and Van Weerd, M and Torreno, VPM and Rellin, KFB and Mondragon, MV and Parungao, L and Manila-Fajardo, AC and Santos, DMC and Junio, HA},
title = {Multi-omics and palynology of selected Philippine forest honey.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5359},
pmid = {41639126},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {ORG 2021-0013//Forest Foundation Philippines/ ; },
mesh = {*Honey/analysis ; Philippines ; *Forests ; *Metabolomics/methods ; Bees ; Mass Spectrometry ; Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {The Sierra Madre Mountains, which happen to be the longest mountain range in the Philippines, is home to lush floral and faunal species as well as forest-based indigenous communities actively involved in preserving local biodiversity. With active reforestation efforts ongoing for decades, the locals are further encouraged to continue their long-standing practice of honey gathering as a form of cultural manifestation and as an important source of livelihood. To further inspire ongoing conservation efforts, we aim to show that the small molecule diversity in Sierra Madre forest honey reflects the local floral composition and is reflective of the positive impact of previous reforestation initiatives. In order to do this, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics was used to profile and compare metabolite diversity in honey produced by Apis cerana, Apis breviligula Maa. and Tetragonula biroi (Friese) honey from Palaui Island and Laiban in Northern and Southern Sierra Madre, respectively. Surprisingly, the Philippine National Tree and unfortunately endangered Pterocarpus indicus Willd (loc. Narra) proved to be important, especially in Palaui Island where honey from A. cerana is close to being monofloral. Aside from P. indicus and its small molecule marker hypaphorine, caffeine was detected in Palaui honey beautifully reflecting the way of life of native Agtas who manage a small coffee plantation. The abundance of caffeine, however, is higher in stingless honey samples from Tanay, Rizal where Coffea trees have been extensively included in restoration activities over the past few decades. Our results imply the possibility of using honey as an ecological monitoring tool while generating baseline chemical information that reflects the state of Philippine forests. Furthermore, the identification of unique chemical components in forest honey can be further used in programs that assist indigenous communities in safeguarding the ownership and origin of forest honey sources.},
}

*Honey/analysis
Philippines
*Forests
*Metabolomics/methods
Bees
Mass Spectrometry
Animals
Chromatography, Liquid
Multiomics

@article {pmid41638723,
year = {2026},
author = {Holzer, KJ and Alaverdyan, H and Xu, Z and Frumkin, MR and Frey, KA and Gregory, SH and Rodebaugh, TL and Lu, C and King, CR and Head, D and Kannampallil, T and Haroutounian, S},
title = {Protocol for Personalised Prediction of Persistent Postsurgical Pain.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e107055},
pmid = {41638723},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *Postoperative Pain/diagnosis/psychology ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; *Precision Medicine ; Quality of Life ; Machine Learning ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) affects up to 15% of patients after major surgery, impairing physical function, quality of life and increasing risk for long-term opioid use. Current PPSP prediction models rely on static or retrospective data and fail to incorporate dynamic perioperative factors. The Personalised Prediction of Persistent Postsurgical Pain (P5) study aims to develop individualised, multimodal prediction models by integrating preoperative behavioural, psychophysical and neurocognitive assessments and high-frequency symptom monitoring.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: P5 is a prospective, single-centre cohort study enrolling 2500 adults aged 18-75 undergoing major surgery at a tertiary academic hospital. Participants complete baseline surveys, cognitive testing and quantitative sensory testing preoperatively. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) are collected via smartphone three times per day through 30 days postoperatively, capturing pain, mood, catastrophising and medication use. Participants are assessed on postoperative day 1 and complete online surveys at 3 and 6 months, evaluating pain persistence, interference, neuropathic symptoms and related outcomes. Clinical and perioperative data are extracted from the electronic health record. The primary outcome is PPSP at 3 months. Predictive models will be developed using supervised machine learning and dynamic structural equation modelling to extract latent features from EMA data. Model performance will be assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the precision-recall curve and SHapley Additive exPlanations for interpretability.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received ethics approval from the Washington University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board #202101123. Informed consent is required. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at research conferences.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04864275.},
}

Humans
*Postoperative Pain/diagnosis/psychology
Adult
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
Aged
Female
Adolescent
Young Adult
Male
Pain Measurement
Ecological Momentary Assessment
*Precision Medicine
Quality of Life
Machine Learning
Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use

@article {pmid41638375,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Wang, C and Wang, C and Fu, L and Zhang, Y and Gao, Z and Yang, Z and Meng, F},
title = {High-concentration polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics co-exposure shorten insect lifespan and impose ecological risk: Multi-omics evidence from Drosophila melanogaster.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {110474},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110474},
pmid = {41638375},
issn = {1532-0456},
mesh = {Animals ; *Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; *Longevity/drug effects ; *Microplastics/toxicity ; *Polyethylene/toxicity ; *Polystyrenes/toxicity ; Metabolomics ; Transcriptome/drug effects ; Risk Assessment ; *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants, accumulating in ecosystems and posing a long-term exposure risk to both the entire ecosystem and human health. However, the combined impact of such high doses on insect longevity and the consequent ecological consequences remain understudied. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model to quantify lifespan shortening under environmentally realistic and extreme concentrations of Polyethylene (PE) and Polystyrene (PS) co-exposures and to unravel the molecular bases of the observed toxicity. Furthermore, we delved into the underlying mechanism through metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. Our results demonstrated PE and PS MPs co-exposure with greatly high concentrations significantly reduced the lifespan of Drosophila and influenced age-related phenotypes such as climbing ability, intestinal barrier and hunger resistance. We found that differential metabolites were engaged in various metabolic pathways, including ABC transporters, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were closely related to Toll and Imd signaling pathway and Longevity regulating pathway. Gram-level PE and PS co-exposure triggers immune-metabolic crosstalk failure and represents a realistic terrestrial risk factor for insect longevity. Our data highlight the urgent need to include high-dose microplastic mixtures in terrestrial ecotoxicological risk assessments and biodiversity conservation strategies. SYNOPSIS: Co-exposure to PE and PS MPs with high concentrations induces changes in gene expression and metabolites associated with immune system and energy metabolism in Drosophila, thereby affecting their lifespan.},
}

Animals
*Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/metabolism/genetics/physiology
*Longevity/drug effects
*Microplastics/toxicity
*Polyethylene/toxicity
*Polystyrenes/toxicity
Metabolomics
Transcriptome/drug effects
Risk Assessment
*Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
Multiomics

@article {pmid41635465,
year = {2026},
author = {Bell, KM and Alfikri, Z and Anderst, W and Clark, WW and Cook, HA and Darwin, J and Dicianno, BE and Greco, CM and Hoydick, J and Jakicic, JM and McKernan, GP and Parmanto, B and Patterson, CG and Piva, SR and Roos, RE and Schneider, MJ and Sundaram, M and Vo, NV and Zhou, L and Sowa, GA},
title = {In-Field Ecological Momentary Assessment From Wearable Motion Sensors and Self-Report in a Chronic Low Back Pain Cohort.},
journal = {JOR spine},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {e70156},
pmid = {41635465},
issn = {2572-1143},
support = {U19 AR076725/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Gaining insight into the daily experiences of those with cLBP is crucial for developing effective management. Pain and activity are typically assessed at a single time point and often rely on retrospective self-reports, which can be prone to recall bias and may not reflect the day-to-day variability of these experiences. As a part of the University of Pittsburgh LB[3]P Mechanistic Research Center, this study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable devices to collect real-time data in a large cohort of adults with cLBP. The primary aims were to collect and characterize pain and activity profiles of individuals with cLBP.

METHODS: This study enrolled 1007 adults with cLBP who met the National Institutes of Health defined criteria. Over 7 days, participants were assessed in their own environment. EMA was gathered in real-time via a custom mobile app, prompting participants three times daily to provide their perceptions of current pain intensity (0-10), pain interference (0-10), and activity level (very light to vigorous). Time of falling asleep and waking was also reported. Participants wore ActiGraph GT9X devices on their wrist and waist. A custom back sensor was also adhered to the skin over the lumbar (L5) segment. Activity counts, wear time, and step counts were calculated, utilizing algorithms provided by ActiGraph. Sensor data were filtered to include at least 4 days of 10 or more hours each. Activity counts were categorized into sedentary, light, and moderate-to-very-vigorous based on Freedson Adult cutpoints.

RESULTS: Out of 1007 participants, 989 submitted EMA data (58.8 ± 16.5 years old; 40% male and 60% female; mean pain intensity at enrollment of 5.4 (SD 2.1) and a median of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3) on a 0-10 scale; mean PROMIS Pain Interference T-score at enrollment of 60.5 (SD 7.5) and a median of 61.2 (IQR 9.6)). The median reported pain intensity level from the EMA was 1 (IQR = 3), while pain interference was 3 (IQR = 3). More than half of the participants reported a median pain intensity of either 0 or 1 (54.0%) and a median pain interference between 0 and 3 (57.4%). Most participants self-reported their activity levels as moderate (36%) or light (33%). Based on pain ratings during each day, most participants had their pain intensity (30%) and pain interference (40%) peaking in the evening. ActiGraph data from 884 wrist-worn and 785 waist-worn devices were analyzed. Wrist data showed a median of 1 765 325 (IQR 796 995) activity counts/day and 9575 (IQR 4228) steps/day. Waist data showed 358 390 (IQR 223 758) activity counts/day and 4114 (IQR 3146) steps/day. The percentage of daily sedentary activity was 47.3% for wrist and 72.8% for waist. The back sensor data from 586 participants showed a median of 340 345 (IQR = 223 399) activity counts/day and a median of 3695 (IQR = 2743) steps/day. The percentage of time spent in daily sedentary activity was 82.6%. Both ActiGraph devices and the back sensor indicated that the majority of the time was spent in sedentary activity level, which is lower than the activity level reported in the EMA.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite having cLBP with self-reported moderate pain levels, participants generally reported periods of relatively low levels of pain intensity and interference in their EMA. In addition, their EMA-reported activity levels differed from the sensor data. Participants self-reported higher levels of activity compared to the activity levels calculated by the wearable sensors. This suggests that participants overestimated their activity levels on EMA, or that the activity level cut-points may need to be re-evaluated for the cLBP population. Additionally, sensors placed on different body locations showed varying activity and step counts. The activity counts calculated from the waist ActiGraph and the back sensor from this cohort were lower than the average activity counts in the US adult population. Further research is needed to better quantify these differences for people with cLBP to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the pain experience.},
}

@article {pmid41629941,
year = {2026},
author = {Aziz, MA and Malik, A and Hasan, M and Abidullah, S and Ullah, A and Ullah, Z and Abbasi, AM and Pieroni, A},
title = {Displacement threatens local knowledge: plant foraging in a cross-cultural context in the Gomal area, NW Pakistan.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
pmid = {41629941},
issn = {1746-4269},
mesh = {Pakistan ; Humans ; *Plants, Edible ; *Ethnobotany ; *Knowledge ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Ethnicity ; },
abstract = {In the context of human displacement, it is essential to study how local knowledge is reshaped, eroded, or transformed. This study sheds light on how wild plant reports are articulated after migration, retained, and kept; the research explores specifically the ethnobotanical knowledge linked to wild food plants of five ethnic communities, namely the Bettani, Ormur, Mehsud, and Miani populations living in the Gomal area of NW Pakistan, of which three are displaced communities. The study aims to record the knowledge of wild food plants and their use among generations in these communities. To better determine the impact of displacement, we have analysed the data along two trajectories: (a) cross-geographically comparing the recorded wild food plant reports with the available published literature in NW Pakistan and (b) conducting a cross-cultural comparison of the local plant knowledge among the considered groups (displaced ones: Mehsud, Ormur, and Powanda; autochthonous: Bettani and Miani) residing in the Gomal area. Via semi-structured interviews with a hundred study participants (twenty for each ethic group), the study revealed the use of 69 wild food taxa, showing a remarkable diversity of food uses, with Ormur and Powanda exhibiting several idiosyncratic reports. The research highlights that displacement may have disrupted potential pathways of knowledge transmission among the Mehsud, Ormur, and Powanda; however, local plant knowledge about their past environment remains part of the collective memory of these communities. Moreover, post-migration exposure to a new ecological system has become a challenge for the newcomers, necessitating adaptation to rearticulate their relationship with nature and plants. The broken paths have a profound impact on plant knowledge transmission to youngsters, as social structures and gatherings have been significantly altered or disrupted; these were the primary means of interaction between youngsters and their elders. The exposure to urbanisation compounds the issue of displacement, and the erosion of knowledge systems has come at the expense of hands-on experiences among the selected groups. Notably, the local plant nomenclature of Ormur is also highly threatened. We advocate incorporating local plant knowledge into local educational curricula, which may be crucial for the sustainability of natural knowledge and have profound impacts on mitigating the effects of socioecological change.},
}

Pakistan
Humans
*Plants, Edible
*Ethnobotany
*Knowledge
Female
Male
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Adult
Middle Aged
Ethnicity

@article {pmid41629448,
year = {2026},
author = {Tschimmel, D and Saeed, M and Milani, M and Waldherr, S and Hucho, T},
title = {Computational epitope heterogeneity analysis in immunostainings from antibody-dilution series.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {238},
pmid = {41629448},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {459759629//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Epitopes/immunology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Antibodies/immunology ; *Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; *Computational Biology/methods ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Antibodies are widely used in life sciences and medical therapy. Broadly applicable methods to determine epitope heterogeneity in immunostaining systems are missing. Here, we present a simple-to-use approach to characterize and quantify antibody binding properties that constitute the staining directly in the system of choice. We determine an epitope heterogeneity on the basis of a computational analysis of antibody-dilution immunofluorescence stainings. This allows us to choose signal-specificity maximizing dilutions and to improve signal quantification. Furthermore, the computational analysis provides approaches to obtain a single-channel antibody multiplexing. Our approach could help improving immunostainings in many laboratories by guiding the choice of antibody dilution, by increasing the possibility of antibody-multiplexing in the same color-channel and by allowing for the analysis of binding targets of multi-specific antibodies.},
}

*Epitopes/immunology/chemistry
Humans
*Antibodies/immunology
*Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
*Computational Biology/methods
Animals

@article {pmid41629371,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiao, L and Xiang, J and Liu, X and Zhao, L and Li, Y and Chen, S},
title = {Unveiling scale effects in human settlement environment suitability through a novel multi-factor weighting approach.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {6952},
pmid = {41629371},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {24C0383//Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education of China/ ; 2026JJ90040//the Industry-Education Integration Project of the Ministry of Education of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; China ; *Rural Population ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Geographic Information Systems ; Spatial Analysis ; Sustainable Development ; Environment ; },
abstract = {Rural human settlement environment suitability is a key indicator for guiding land-use planning and promoting sustainable rural revitalization. This study develops a refined framework for evaluating the natural suitability of rural human settlement environments in central Hunan, China, using GIS-based spatial analysis. We propose an enhanced factor-weighting method that integrates normalized information entropy (NIE) and the coefficient of variation (CV) into a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC)-driven approach, thereby improving the objectivity and sensitivity of weight determination. Comparative experiments demonstrate that this hybrid method captures the relative influence of natural factors more accurately than traditional PCC-based techniques. Results reveal a pronounced scale effect: as the spatial analysis scale decreases, disparities in factor weights become more evident. The spatial distribution of suitability exhibits a distinct east-high, west-low gradient, reflecting strong spatial heterogeneity across the region. Among all factors, terrain relief emerges as the dominant driver of suitability variations. Based on the calculated suitability index, the study delineates five functional zones and formulates corresponding development strategies tailored to local conditions. These findings offer a scientific basis for optimizing rural spatial planning and promoting sustainable development in central Hunan and similar regions. Beyond the case region, the framework provides a transferable approach for evaluating natural suitability in other mountainous rural areas. It also offers practical guidance for policymakers seeking to balance ecological protection with sustainable land-use development.},
}

Humans
China
*Rural Population
*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
Geographic Information Systems
Spatial Analysis
Sustainable Development
Environment

@article {pmid41628277,
year = {2026},
author = {Marrec, L and Lehtinen, S},
title = {Cluster dispersal shapes microbial diversity during community assembly.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {e1013918},
pmid = {41628277},
issn = {1553-7358},
mesh = {*Microbiota/physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Models, Biological ; Computational Biology ; Cluster Analysis ; },
abstract = {Identifying the drivers of diversity remains a central challenge in microbial ecology. In microbiota, within-community diversity is often linked to host health, which makes it all the more important to understand. Since many communities assemble de novo, microbial dispersal plays a critical role in shaping community structure during the early stages of assembly. While theoretical models typically assume microbes disperse individually, this overlooks cases where microbes disperse in clusters, such as, for example, during host feeding. Here, we investigate how cluster dispersal impacts species richness, between-community dissimilarity, and species abundance in the initial steps of microbial community assembly. We developed a model in which microbes disperse from a pool into communities as clusters and then replicate locally. Using both analytical and numerical approaches, we show that cluster dispersal promotes community homogenization by increasing within-community richness and reducing dissimilarity across communities, even at low dispersal rates. Moreover, it modulates the influence of local selection on microbial community assembly and, consequently, on species abundance. Our results demonstrate that cluster dispersal has distinct effects from simply increasing the dispersal rate. This work reveals new evidence for the role of cluster dispersal in the early dynamics of microbial community assembly.},
}

*Microbiota/physiology
*Biodiversity
*Models, Biological
Computational Biology
Cluster Analysis

@article {pmid41623561,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiao, S and Adams, JM and Li, S and Slik, F and Griffith, DM and Quaresma, A and Sultana, A and Rozak, AH and Muñoz, AA and Marshall, AR and Gabriel, A and Dar, AA and Mansor, A and Narayanan, A and Herault, B and Joly, CA and Piotto, D and Harris, DJ and Drake, DR and Sheil, D and Rocha, DSB and de Oliveira, EL and Nurtjahya, E and van den Berg, E and Webb, EL and Ibrahim, FH and Saiter, FZ and Wittmann, F and Ardila, FM and Durigan, G and Shukla, G and Ibarra-Manríquez, G and Nagamasu, H and Theilade, I and Zo-Bi, IC and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Rangel-Ch, JO and Grogan, J and Dar, JA and Schöngart, J and Herbohn, J and Poulsen, JR and Williams, JN and Lovett, J and De Alban, JD and Lozada, JR and Pinto, JRR and Guevara-Andino, JE and Cristóbal-Azkarate, J and Homeier, J and Böhning-Gaese, K and Hakeem, KR and Feeley, K and Tomlinson, KW and Rasingam, L and Demarchi, LO and Laumonier, Y and Alves, LF and Montenegro, LT and Satdichanh, M and Macía, MJ and Tabarelli, M and Suganuma, MS and Ríos Paredes, MA and Fernandez Piedade, MT and Schulze, M and van de Bult, M and Bastian, ML and Khan, ML and Hussain, MS and Kessler, M and Lawes, MJ and Munguía-Rosas, MA and Parthasarathy, N and Seuaturian, N and Kanda, NB and Jagadeesan, N and Pitman, N and Onrizal, O and Vetaas, OR and Munishi, P and Chhang, P and Bispo, PDC and Zakaria, R and Sukri, RS and Muthu, R and Prasad, RC and V S, R and Harrison, RD and Veridiano, RK and Steinmetz, R and Chazdon, RL and Tumaneng, R and Gonçalves Rolim, S and Garkoti, SC and Báez, S and Wich, S and Mukul, SA and Joseph, S and Vieira, SA and Muthuramkumar, S and Sundarapandian, S and Chakravarty, S and Kothandaraman, S and Wendt, T and Metzker, T and Whitfeld, T and Su, T and Van Andel, TR and Hans, V and Arroyo-Rodríguez, V and Chutipong, W and Laurance, WF and Carrero, YA and Zhou, Z},
title = {Analogous environments across the tropics have similar levels of tree species alpha diversity.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {nwaf465},
pmid = {41623561},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {Different regions of the tropics vary in overall tree species diversity, with the tropical Americas exhibiting strikingly higher regional tree species richness than Africa and Southeast Asia. We investigated whether these differences also occur at the local scale and whether the environmental conditions associated with tree species richness are consistent across tropical regions despite highly dissimilar species pools. A spatial random forest model was trained by using a network of 429 1-hectare plots across the tropics, together with 24 environmental variables, to predict plot-level tree α diversity. A combination of climatic, soil and topographical variables explained ∼86% of the variation in richness. Despite differences in regional species pools and the potentially disruptive effects of different geological, climatic and evolutionary histories, the relationship between environmental variables and local-scale tree species richness is closely similar across different continents. Our findings imply a pervasive role of niche-based mechanisms in structuring local tree species richness, regardless of the regional species assemblages. This pantropical convergence in the richness-environment relationship poses a challenge for ecology to explain.},
}

@article {pmid41621727,
year = {2026},
author = {De Luca, D},
title = {FastqOrienter: A Python utility for the automated orientation and quality diagnostics of paired-end Illumina metabarcoding reads.},
journal = {Journal of microbiological methods},
volume = {242},
number = {},
pages = {107413},
doi = {10.1016/j.mimet.2026.107413},
pmid = {41621727},
issn = {1872-8359},
mesh = {*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; *Software ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Computational Biology/methods ; },
abstract = {FastqOrienter is a Python tool that corrects inconsistent read orientations in Illumina paired-end metabarcoding reads using a primer-aware logic and IUPAC-compliant matching. In addition, it provides detailed diagnostics and actionable insights for discarded reads. It ensures data integrity for downstream pipelines like DADA2 and QIIME 2.},
}

*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
*Software
*Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods
*Computational Biology/methods

@article {pmid41619592,
year = {2026},
author = {Nguyen, HT and Wijaya, J and Kim, J and Lee, JE and Yoon, JK and Oh, S},
title = {Predictive monitoring, identification, and control of Microcystis blooms in a drinking water source basin: An integrative artificial intelligence and bioinformatics approach.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {504},
number = {},
pages = {141288},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141288},
pmid = {41619592},
issn = {1873-3336},
mesh = {*Microcystis/genetics/isolation & purification/growth & development ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; Computational Biology ; *Drinking Water/microbiology ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Water Supply ; Water Purification ; },
abstract = {Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose serious challenges for drinking water utilities; however, conventional monitoring in drinking water source basins remains largely reactive. To address this, we present an integrative framework that combines artificial intelligence (AI) forecasting with strain-resolved bioinformatic diagnostics to enable proactive monitoring of bloom-causing HAB in drinking water source. The AI model employed environmental input features and was optimized, which achieved high predictive accuracy (up to 0.9 R[2]) with early warning capabilities (1 week lead time). Explainable AI pinpointed organic and nitrogen compounds as top predictors for HAB events. Phylogenomic analysis using short- and long-read sequencing elucidated the population structure, toxicological traits, and ecological adaptation of the bloom-causing Microcystis population (NRERC-214). Field surveys with bioinformatic analysis at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant found complete removal of Microcystis. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the individual units in removing Microcystis in the plant was validated with the phenotypic/genotypic features of Microcystis bioinformatically determined in this study. Overall, this study suggested the integration of a predictive surveillance and diagnosis framework into a source water management scheme, supporting a paradigm shift from reactive post-event management to proactive, risk-based control for drinking water.},
}

*Microcystis/genetics/isolation & purification/growth & development
*Artificial Intelligence
*Harmful Algal Bloom
Computational Biology
*Drinking Water/microbiology
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
Water Supply
Water Purification

@article {pmid41618863,
year = {2026},
author = {Mehr, S and Castoe, T and Daly, M and Jungo, F and Kirchhoff, KN and Koludarov, I and Mackessy, SP and Macrander, J and Naidu, P and Modica, MV and Sanchez, EE and Zancolli, G and Holford, M},
title = {A Proposed Unified, Scalable Platform for Integrative Research on Venomous Species.},
journal = {GigaScience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gigascience/giaf153},
pmid = {41618863},
issn = {2047-217X},
abstract = {Venomous animal research is hampered by fragmented, specialized, and non-interoperable databases (isolated genomic, proteomic, and ecological data). Despite the immense promise of venomous organisms to yield novel bioactive compounds for pharmacological and evolutionary applications, the informatics landscape for such taxa has remained patchy, lacking macro-scale integration across species. We present VenomsBase, an integrated, modular resource that synthesizes multi-omics data, ecological metadata, and functional annotations for venom-bearing organisms. Following the FAIR guidelines, VenomsBase combines an ontology-driven architecture with big-data cloud workflows for sequence integration, motif clustering, 3D display, and linking ecological metadata. Standardized tools and training modules facilitate worldwide access to resources for both researchers in developed countries and in resource-limited areas. Its plug-and-play design allows for integration of additional analytical modules and extension to other species. One can also examine evolutionary trends and connect venom chemistry to ecological niches. VenomsBase would (i) accelerate the pace of venom discovery, whether for therapeutic purposes or evolutionary significance, by providing validated, cross-referenced data sets and community-driven curation, and (ii) foster an open, just, and innovation-ready venom research ecosystem.},
}

@article {pmid41617863,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharma, A and Singh, AP and Rallapalli, S},
title = {Adaptive Basin Management under Determinate and Indeterminate Sustainability Factors.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {69},
pmid = {41617863},
issn = {1432-1009},
mesh = {*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Rivers ; Climate Change ; Fuzzy Logic ; Decision Support Techniques ; },
abstract = {Adaptive river basin management is uncertain and complex, as it requires assessing the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Conventional strength-weakness-opportunities and threat (SWOT) decision analysis failed to quantify the indeterminacy concerning factors in adaptive management. To address these limitations, this study introduces a hybrid decision-support system that combines interval valued fuzzy hybrid SWOT (IVFH-SWOT) analysis with fuzzy evaluation of resilience metrics (FERM). To demonstrate its effectiveness, the study evaluated 11 strategic options across four aspects of adaptive sustainability: ecological balance, hydrological-geomorphological integrity, socio-economic and energy potential, and catastrophe resilience. The derived strategies were prioritized based on the multi-stakeholder analysis performed on the data gathered about these four aspects. The findings underscore dam operations regulations (score: 0.7561), treatment of wastewater infrastructure (0.7226), and development of hydropower (0.7122) as the most efficacious strategies. These findings illustrate the trade-offs between resilience performance and sustainability under indeterminate conditions. The proposed framework offers a robust, transferable tool for practitioners and policymakers for adaptive sustainable river basin management.},
}

*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
*Rivers
Climate Change
Fuzzy Logic
Decision Support Techniques

@article {pmid41617738,
year = {2026},
author = {Sentil, A and Miličić, M and Benrezkallah, J and Ačanski, J and Andrić, A and Aubert, M and Bartomeus, I and Biella, P and Boustani, M and Carstensen, LB and Bogusch, P and Bot, S and Brau, T and Budrys, E and Salazar, LC and Cappellari, A and Carion, F and Castro, S and Cavaillès, S and Cerretti, P and Dathe, HH and De Groot, M and De Tandt, B and Devalez, J and Devorsine, R and Díaz-Calafat, J and Đorđević, A and Dormal, A and Dufrêne, E and Dussaix, C and Fedorova Zaytseva, LA and Fiordaliso, W and Flaminio, S and Földesi, R and Forgeois, V and Gadoum, S and Garrin, M and Gaspar, H and Gazzea, E and Geppert, C and Gérard, M and Geslin, B and Ghisbain, G and Gibernau, M and Grković, A and Heimburg, H and Herinckx, A and Demeter, I and Janković Milosavljević, M and Janssen, K and Kasparek, M and Kierat, J and Kleijn, D and Kuhlmann, M and Lair, X and Lemaire, S and Lenzi, L and Likov, L and Litman, J and Lopes, SB and Loureiro, J and Maarten, J and Maestracci, PY and Marini, L and Maritano, U and Mei, M and Mignot, M and Stojnić, SM and Nedeljković, Z and Ockermueller, E and Ortiz-Sanchez, FJ and Patiny, S and Paukkunen, J and Pennards, G and Perrard, A and Petanidou, T and Popov, G and Popov, S and Potts, SG and Prokhorov, A and Pruner, S and Radchenko, V and Radenković, S and Rasmont, P and Reverté, S and Ricarte, A and Rojo, S and Romig, T and Rosa, P and Ruiz, C and Sagot, P and Santerre, R and Scheper, J and Selis, M and Sgolastra, F and Shparyk, V and Siopa, C and Skendžic, T and Smit, J and Sommaggio, D and Soon, V and Ssymank, A and Ståhls, G and Stavrinides, M and Steffan-Dewenter, I and Straka, J and Thulier, J and Tot, T and Tourbez, C and van Steenis, J and van Steenis, W and Varnava, A and Veselić, S and Vesnic, A and Vray, S and Williams, P and Wood, TJ and Zimmermann, D and Żmuda, A and Vujić, A and Michez, D and de Manincor, N},
title = {Synthesised database of wild bee and hoverfly records in Europe.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {227},
pmid = {41617738},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; Bees ; Europe ; *Diptera ; Pollination ; Databases, Factual ; },
abstract = {Wild bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) and hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), the two major groups of insect pollinators, are undergoing alarming declines worldwide, including Europe. The lack of accessible and verified spatial and temporal occurrence records currently challenges efforts to understand and mitigate this decline. Here, we compiled datasets from diverse sources, including taxonomists, national experts, public repositories, museum collections, published literature, verified open-access platforms, and aggregated datasets from previous European projects. The collected data were standardised, cleaned and validated by taxonomists and national experts. This collective effort resulted in two databases comprising more than 4.34 million and 1.04 million records for wild bees and hoverflies, respectively. The databases cover 97% of the European bee fauna (2,083 species out of 2,138 recorded in Europe) and 97% of the European hoverfly fauna (886 species out of 913 recorded in Europe). These standardised databases constitute essential resources for future assessments of status and trends, habitat associations, and other research and conservation initiatives to protect and understand wild pollinators on the European continent.},
}

Animals
Bees
Europe
*Diptera
Pollination
Databases, Factual

@article {pmid41617719,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, T and Zhang, J and Guo, J and Sun, B and Han, Y and Xu, H and Weng, Y and Cao, Q and Li, M and Zhao, G and Liu, L and Gao, X and Dai, L and Wang, D and Cao, Y},
title = {Engineered internal architecture of core-shell lipid nanoparticles promotes efficient mRNA endosomal release.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-69017-8},
pmid = {41617719},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics rely on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivery, yet inefficient endosomal escape remains a major bottleneck, with only a small fraction of internalized cargo reaching the cytoplasm. Conventional LNPs encapsulate mRNA in amorphous lipid cores, where partial charge neutralization and lack of structural order limit protonation-driven membrane disruption. Here, we present an architectural strategy that engineers LNP internal structure using ionizable lipid-coated gold nanoparticles (IC-AuNPs) as rigid, pH-responsive cores. The Au cores template the formation of radially ordered core-shell architectures that stabilize particles at physiological pH while amplifying charge segregation and curvature stress under acidic endosomal conditions. As a result, Au-LNPs achieve a twofold increase in endosomal escape and ~100-fold greater cytoplasmic mRNA diffusion compared to conventional LNPs. Functionally, Au-LNPs enhance mRNA expression in vitro, increases in vivo protein production up to sevenfold, boost antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and improve therapeutic efficacy in a triple-negative breast cancer model.},
}

@article {pmid41611716,
year = {2026},
author = {Xue, M and Yang, X and Chen, X and Ciais, P and Zhou, L and Reich, PB and Xiao, J and Li, X and Xiao, X and Green, JK and Chen, JM and Liu, J and Shang, J and Luo, X and Tian, J and Liu, H and Zhu, P and Yan, K and Fu, X and Han, L and Yuan, W and Wu, C},
title = {Pantropical moist forests are converging towards a middle leaf longevity.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-68989-x},
pmid = {41611716},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Leaf longevity is a fundamental plant trait that largely explains ecosystem functional dynamics in global pantropical moist forests. However, the signs, magnitudes, and mechanisms of the spatiotemporal variations in leaf longevity with ongoing climate change are still lacking. Using both ground measurements and gridded leaf age-dependent leaf area index data, we map the continental-scale variability of annual mean leaf longevity across pantropical moist forests over 2001-2023. We find a biome-dependent and converging trend in leaf longevity under climate change. In Amazon and tropical Asia with long leaf longevity (> ~1.8 years), leaf longevity decreases due to rising temperature and intensified atmospheric dryness. In contrast, an increasing trend is observed in Congo and subtropical Asia where forests have short leaf longevity (<~1.8 years). These responses cause a convergence of pantropical short and long leaf longevity into a middle longevity range, with maximization of plant functional traits, photosynthesis, and species evenness, which are expected to better resist climate variability. Our study provides emerging evidence for large-scale structural and functional adaptions across pantropical moist forests and is helpful for predicting climate-driven risks to ecosystem stability.},
}

@article {pmid41610871,
year = {2026},
author = {Weiskopf, SR and Morelli, TL and Mozelewski, TG and Shiklomanov, AN and Lerman, SB},
title = {Restoration based on cost-benefit optimization: A grasslands pilot study.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70174},
pmid = {41610871},
issn = {1939-5582},
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; Animals ; Pilot Projects ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/economics/methods ; Kansas ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Ecological restoration is essential to meeting global biodiversity conservation goals. Given limited conservation budgets, deciding where to restore habitat is a key challenge for the coming decade. We developed a spatially explicit framework to optimize ecological restoration site selection by integrating land use history, species distributions, and economic costs. The framework includes the following steps: identify potential restoration area based on relevant environmental measures like land use; identify species of interest; calculate restoration benefits by modeling habitat and climate suitability and estimating reduced extinction risk associated with restoring a particular land parcel based on a modified species-area relationship; aggregate benefits across species; and compare to parcel-level land acquisition costs. We applied linear programming to maximize conservation benefit/restoration cost ratios to identify optimized restoration sites. We illustrate this approach using a case study for highly threatened grassland ecosystems in the Great Plains region of Kansas, USA. We selected five grassland animal species (greater prairie chickens [Tympanuchus cupido], lesser prairie chickens [Tympanuchus pallidicinctus], swift fox [Vulpes velox], pronghorn [Antilocapra americana], and regal fritillary [Speyeria idalia]) as indicators of restoration benefit across taxa. For the indicator species that we chose, shortgrass and mixed-grass prairies had the highest conservation benefit to cost ratio. Setting a minimum restoration threshold for each habitat type allowed us to identify high-priority tallgrass prairie sites. Despite increasing interest in ecological restoration, optimizing restoration site selection is challenging because one must consider habitat features that do not currently exist. The modeling approach described here is flexible and can be updated for different ecosystems, species, and conservation priorities. We outline potential alterations that can be made in future analyses, depending on desired restoration goals.},
}

*Grassland
*Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods
Animals
Pilot Projects
Cost-Benefit Analysis
*Environmental Restoration and Remediation/economics/methods
Kansas
Biodiversity

@article {pmid41610663,
year = {2026},
author = {Lu, W and Du, Q and Shang, Y and Du, Y and Zhang, Z and Jin, H and Zhang, W and Li, L},
title = {Multi-omics insights into Alizarin red S-induced alterations in redox balance, immune function and metabolism in juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {504},
number = {},
pages = {141270},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141270},
pmid = {41610663},
issn = {1873-3336},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthraquinones/toxicity ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; *Carps/metabolism/immunology/genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Gills/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Transcriptome/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Metabolomics ; Metabolome/drug effects ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Alizarin red S (ARS), a widely used anthraquinone dye in industrial processes, has emerged as a potential environmental contaminant with poorly understood ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms. In this study, juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were exposed to graded concentrations of ARS (0, 100, 125, and 150 mg/L) for 96 h, revealing clear dose-dependent toxicity characterized by reduced survival and progressive histopathological damage in pelvic fins, opercula, and otoliths. Integrated multi-omics analyses of gill tissues demonstrated that high-dose ARS exposure profoundly disrupts physiological homeostasis. Transcriptomic profiling revealed concentration-dependent dysregulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, immune response, and metabolic pathways. Notably, exposure to 150 mg/L ARS significantly perturbed signaling pathways associated with immune dysregulation and cellular stress responses. Metabolomic analysis identified 478 differentially abundant metabolites, with pathway enrichment indicating disruption of lipid and amino acid metabolism, particularly glutathione and arginine metabolism. Integrated transcriptome-metabolome analysis further highlighted coordinated alterations in critical pathways including glutathione metabolism, antigen processing and presentation, phagosome, and cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism, suggesting a transition from antioxidant defense to systemic immune and metabolic dysfunction under high-dose exposure. Functionally, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), along with glutathione (GSH) content, peaked at 100 mg/L ARS. Critically, malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased significantly with increasing ARS concentration, attaining a minimum at 150 mg/L ARS. Collectively, these findings define a critical threshold for toxicological transition, provide crucial insights into the ecological hazards posed by anthraquinone dyes and underscore the necessity for stringent regulatory control of ARS emissions into aquatic ecosystems.},
}

Animals
*Anthraquinones/toxicity
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
*Carps/metabolism/immunology/genetics
Oxidation-Reduction
Gills/drug effects/metabolism/pathology
Transcriptome/drug effects
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Metabolomics
Metabolome/drug effects
Multiomics

@article {pmid41610512,
year = {2026},
author = {Lopez-Rodriguez, D and Guerrero-Limón, G and Chèvre, N},
title = {A chemical space model for the exploration of eco-toxicological data.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {208},
number = {},
pages = {110096},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2026.110096},
pmid = {41610512},
issn = {1873-6750},
mesh = {Animals ; Daphnia/drug effects ; *Ecotoxicology/methods ; Risk Assessment ; *Models, Chemical ; Databases, Factual ; Hazardous Substances/toxicity ; },
abstract = {With over 350,000 chemicals and mixtures currently registered for production and use worldwide, around 83% of authorized chemicals lack adequate toxicity data, leaving the majority of chemicals poorly characterized. International agencies urge scientists to develop screening methods to explore, identify, and predict chemical hazards, supporting the prioritization of chemical risk assessment. Here, Tree Manifold Approximation and Projection (TMAP) were applied, with the aim of reducing the dimensionality of large toxicological dataset, providing the foundations to data imputation methods allowing to get an understanding of chemical modes of action. Specifically, TMAP was implemented using MHFP6 fingerprints and the NORMAN SusDat database, which contains over 100,000 compounds. To ensure that the TMAP layout preserves chemical structural similarity, a quantitative parameter optimization procedure was developed. The defined optimal parameter set allowed us to define the embeddings that preserves the most structural similarity among nearest connected neighbors, with similarity progressively decreasing as the distance between nodes increases. Leveraging this approach, a graph-based spatial imputation function was generated to obtain insights into the potential ecotoxicity mechanisms of data poor chemicals using physicochemical properties and CTD toxicogenomic data. The relevance and meaningfulness of TMAP chemical space was explored for Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas and Algae. Chemical classes known to be structurally similar were found to be grouped together in the TMAP chemical space, while heterogeneous classes were found to be sparse. Data imputation allowed for the identification of known and potential chemical mechanisms of action. Indeed, acetylcholinesterase and transthyretin were confirmed as major mechanisms of action of organothiophosphate and brominated flame retardant toxicity in Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas, respectively. Overall, transdisciplinary toxicological databases combined with TMAP, stand out as a computationally efficient and suitable method to explore and analyze large datasets, allowing for the inference of associations between chemical structures and chemical hazard identification and other potential applications of this hypotheses-generating tool.},
}

Animals
Daphnia/drug effects
*Ecotoxicology/methods
Risk Assessment
*Models, Chemical
Databases, Factual
Hazardous Substances/toxicity

@article {pmid41610226,
year = {2026},
author = {Schakowski, A and Deffner, D and Kortet, R and Niemelä, PT and Kavelaars, MM and Monk, CT and Pykälä, M and Kurvers, RHJM},
title = {High-precision tracking of human foragers reveals adaptive social information use in the wild.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {391},
number = {6784},
pages = {eady1055},
doi = {10.1126/science.ady1055},
pmid = {41610226},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Humans ; Geographic Information Systems ; *Social Behavior ; Cognition ; *Decision Making ; *Feeding Behavior ; Video Recording ; },
abstract = {Foraging complexity and competitive social challenges are considered key drivers of human cognition. Yet, the decision-making mechanisms that underlie social foraging in the real world remain unknown. Integrating high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and video footage from large-scale foraging competitions with cognitive-computational modeling and agent-based simulations, we show how foragers integrate personal, social, and ecological information to guide spatial search and patch-leaving decisions. We show how the social context emerges as a key driver of foraging dynamics. Foragers adaptively rely on social information to locate resources when unsuccessful and extend giving-up times in the presence of others, which results in increased area-restricted search at high social densities. These findings demonstrate the importance of sociality for human foraging decisions and provide a template for harnessing high-resolution tracking data to study real-world cognition.},
}

Humans
Geographic Information Systems
*Social Behavior
Cognition
*Decision Making
*Feeding Behavior
Video Recording

@article {pmid41604932,
year = {2026},
author = {Mei, X and Zhu, T and Zhong, B and Wu, WM and Li, N and Wang, Y and Liu, X and Liu, R and Abdul, R and Yi, S and He, Y},
title = {Artificial intelligence in microplastics domain: Current progress, challenges, and sustainable prospects.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {503},
number = {},
pages = {141233},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141233},
pmid = {41604932},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as pervasive and persistent global environmental contaminants. However, the current inability to robustly analyze these particles hinders a deeper mechanistic understanding of their environmental behavior and ecological consequences. Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its computational power and data processing capabilities, is revolutionizing the analysis of MPs and transforming methodological paradigms. This critical review summarizes key challenges in the field, including persistent methodological limitations in characterization techniques and the interpretation of environmental behavior. We also critically examine emerging applications of AI in MPs domain. We explore the reliability and generalizability of these AI-driven approaches, highlighting that while data accessibility and computational resources pose core operational challenges, the environmental costs and ethical dilemmas of AI also demand scrutiny. Finally, we envision a paradigm shift towards an eco-conscious AI that harmonizes ecological accountability with computational efficiency. Fostering this transition through interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for guiding MPs research toward a future that is sustainable across environmental, economic, and social consideration.},
}

@article {pmid41600098,
year = {2026},
author = {Tajti, K and Farkas, A and Farkas, M and Bíró, T and Ördög, V and Maróti, G},
title = {Synergistic Plant Biostimulatory Effects of an Inter-Kingdom Interaction: Chlorella sp. and Kocuria rhizophila Algal-Bacterial Co-Culture for Sustainable Crop Production.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41600098},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Plant biostimulatory effects of the green alga Chlorella sp. MACC-360, the Kocuria rhizophila FSP120 bacterial strain, and the combined inter-kingdom co-culture of the alga and bacterium were investigated using Solanum lycopersicum as a model plant grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The application of algal-bacterial co-cultures using the soil drench method significantly improved plant growth parameters, vegetative biomass yield, fruit yield, and photosynthetic performance of the tomato plants. The combined treatment resulted in a 43.7% increase in mean fruit yield, while individual applications of K. rhizophila FSP120 and Chlorella sp. MACC-360 enhanced yields by 30.85% and 19.44%, respectively. Although total yield increases did not reach statistical significance due to high intra-group variability, the treatment's efficacy was statistically confirmed through key yield parameters including significantly higher fruit weight and fruit diameter (p < 0.05). The enhanced specific biostimulatory effects of the combined treatment could be at least partly attributed to the increased level of algal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which was a specific effect of algal co-cultivation with a Kocuria rhizophila bacterium. Detailed analysis of plant phenotypic alterations, biomass yield, fruit and flowering parameters, as well as microbial community analysis of the rhizosphere, were conducted and compared among the various treatments. Our results indicate that an appropriately chosen combination and application of biostimulatory microbes can significantly enhance crop production, which might contribute to more sustainable agriculture.},
}

@article {pmid41599943,
year = {2026},
author = {Rocha, HR and Ribeiro, P and Rodrigues, PM and Gomes, AM and Pintado, M and Coelho, MC},
title = {Bioinformatic Insights into the Carotenoids' Role in Gut Microbiota Dynamics.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41599943},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Carotenoids/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Computational Biology ; Humans ; Fermentation ; Lycopene/pharmacology ; Lutein/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/classification ; beta Carotene/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Carotenoids are bioactive pigments with well-established antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, yet their impact on gut microbiota remains poorly understood from a chemical standpoint. This study explores how carotenoid structure and gastrointestinal stability shape microbial responses combining in vitro fermentation with bioinformatic analyses. Methods: Individual carotenoids (beta (β)-carotene, lutein, lycopene) and combined carotenoids, as well as algal-derived extracts were subjected to 48 h in vitro fermentation, and microbial composition and activity were assessed through sequencing and computational analysis. Results: β-carotene and lycopene promoted acid-tolerant taxa such as Escherichia-Shigella, whereas lutein, due to its higher polarity, supported more transient fluctuations. Mixtures and algal carotenoids exhibited synergistic effects, sustaining beneficial genera including Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and promoting structured ecological trajectories. Conclusions: These findings provide a chemistry-driven perspective on how carotenoids act as modulators of microbial ecosystems, with direct implications for the formulation of carotenoid-enriched functional foods and dietary interventions.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Carotenoids/pharmacology/chemistry
*Computational Biology
Humans
Fermentation
Lycopene/pharmacology
Lutein/pharmacology
Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/classification
beta Carotene/pharmacology

@article {pmid41597522,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamahara, T and Kouketsu, A and Fukase, S and Sripodok, P and Saito, T and Ito, A and Li, B and Kumada, K and Shimada, M and Iikubo, M and Shimizu, R and Yamauchi, K and Sugiura, T},
title = {Ecological and Functional Landscape of the Oral Microbiome: A Multi-Site Analysis of Saliva, Dental Plaque and Tongue Coating.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41597522},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {JP24K1310 and JP22K17150//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {The oral cavity contains several microbial niches, including saliva, dental plaque and tongue coating, each shaped by distinct local environments and host factors. This study compared the ecological and functional characteristics of the microbiomes of these three oral sites within the same individuals and examined host conditions associated with their variation. Saliva, supragingival plaque and tongue coating samples were collected simultaneously from 31 adults without clinical oral lesions. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform, and analyses included α and β diversity, Mantel correlations, differential abundance tests, network analysis and functional prediction. The three sites displayed a clear ecological gradient. Saliva and tongue coating were taxonomically similar but were influenced by different host factors, whereas plaque maintained a distinct, biofilm-like structure with limited systemic influence. Functional divergence was most pronounced on the tongue coating despite its taxonomic similarity to saliva, whereas functional differences between saliva and plaque were modest despite larger taxonomic separation. These findings indicate that microbial composition and function vary independently across oral niches and support the need for multi-site sampling to more accurately characterize oral microbial ecology.},
}

@article {pmid41597405,
year = {2026},
author = {Sekulic, M and Stepovic, M and Sorak, M and Mijailovic, S and Rajkovic Pavlovic, Z and Vulovic, M and Radmanovic, O and Radmanovic, B and Vuckovic Filipovic, J and Gavrilovic, J and Jovanovic, B and Spasic, B and Folic, N and Rosic, V and Dragicevic, T and Markovic, V},
title = {Elevated Blood Pressure and Risk Factors in 19-Year-Olds in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41597405},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Serbia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; *Hypertension/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult ; Logistic Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Feeding Behavior ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Adult ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Hypertension in young adulthood is increasingly recognized as a precursor to future cardiovascular disease. Early identification of modifiable risk factors, such as dietary habits, lifestyle behaviors, and psychological indicators, is critical for prevention. This study aimed to examine the elevated clinic blood pressure and associated factors in 19-year-old individuals in Serbia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 Fourth National Health Survey. A total of 212 participants underwent blood pressure measurement, anthropometric assessment, and completed standardized questionnaires on diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics. Blood pressure was classified according to ESC/ESH guidelines. Associations with elevated blood pressure were assessed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most participants had optimal or normal blood pressure, while 18.9% had elevated blood pressure, including high-normal and Grade I-II hypertension. Elevated blood pressure was more prevalent among males and was associated with depressive symptoms. Nutrition status was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure, and some dietary habits like consumption of pure fruit or vegetable juices and the intake of processed meat products. Other socioeconomic factors, eating habits and physical activity were not significantly correlated. In multivariate logistic regression, elevated arterial blood pressure was significantly associated with consuming pure fruit or vegetable juices less than once per week (OR = 3.239; 95% CI: 1.413-7.427) and with consuming processed meat products several times per week in comparison to the daily consumption (OR = 0.325; 95% CI: 0.130-0.812), while no other variables remained statistically significant. Conclusions: Clinically elevated arterial blood pressure is present in a substantial proportion of 19-year-olds. Early lifestyle interventions targeting nutrition and psychological health may prevent progression to hypertension and reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.},
}

Humans
Male
Serbia/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
*Hypertension/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Young Adult
Logistic Models
Surveys and Questionnaires
Feeding Behavior
Blood Pressure/physiology
Adult
Prevalence

@article {pmid41597231,
year = {2026},
author = {Feng, Y and Geng, Y and Liu, S and Huang, X and Mou, C and Zhao, H and Zhou, J and Li, Q and Deng, Y},
title = {Overwinter Syndrome in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Links Enteric Viral Proliferation to Mucosal Disruption via Multiomics Investigation.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41597231},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {2024YFD2401102//National Key R&D ProgramNational Key R&D Program/ ; 2025ZNSFSC1081//Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; NKYRCZX2025031//Research Initiation Funding from the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; SCCXTD-2025-15//Sichuan Freshwater Fish Innovation Team of the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Carps/virology/microbiology ; *Fish Diseases/virology/microbiology/genetics ; *Intestinal Mucosa/virology/pathology/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Metagenomics ; Transcriptome ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Overwinter Syndrome (OWS) affects grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) aquaculture in China, causing high mortality and economic losses under low temperatures. Failure of antibiotic therapies shows limits of the 'low-temperature-pathogen' model and shifts focus to mucosal barrier dysfunction and host-microbiome interactions in OWS. We compared healthy and diseased grass carp collected from the same pond using histopathology, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics. This integrated approach was used to characterize intestinal structure, microbial composition, and host molecular responses at both taxonomic and functional levels. Results revealed a three-layer barrier failure in OWS fish: the physical barrier was compromised, with structural damage and reduced mucosal index; microbial dysbiosis featured increased richness without changes in diversity or evenness, and expansion of the virobiota, notably uncultured Caudovirales phage; and mucosal immune dysregulation indicated loss of local immune balance. Multi-omics integration identified downregulation of lysosome-related and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathways at transcript and protein levels, with disrupted nucleotide metabolism. Overall gut microbial richness, rather than individual taxa abundance, correlated most strongly with host gene changes linked to immunity, metabolism, and epithelial integrity. Although biological replicates were limited by natural outbreak sampling, matched high-depth multi-omics datasets provide exploratory insights into OWS-associated intestinal dysfunction. In summary, OWS entails a cold-triggered breakdown of intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis. This breakdown is driven by a global restructuring of the gut microbiome, which is marked by increased richness, viral expansion, and functional shifts, ultimately resulting in altered host-microbe crosstalk. This ecological perspective informs future mechanistic and applied studies for disease prevention.},
}

Animals
*Carps/virology/microbiology
*Fish Diseases/virology/microbiology/genetics
*Intestinal Mucosa/virology/pathology/microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Metagenomics
Transcriptome
Multiomics

@article {pmid41596699,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, R and Gu, C and Li, H and Wang, L and Sun, R and Fu, K and Shi, W and Wan, X},
title = {Multi-Omics Profiling of the Hepatopancreas of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda Under Sulfate Stress.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41596699},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {JC2023085//The Nantong City Natural Science Foundation Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Palaemonidae/metabolism/genetics/drug effects ; *Hepatopancreas/metabolism/drug effects/ultrastructure ; *Sulfates/toxicity ; Proteomics/methods ; *Stress, Physiological ; Transcriptome ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {With intensifying global climate change and human activities, and with regional topography interactions, soil and water salinization has intensified, posing major ecological and environmental challenges worldwide. Here, we integrated histology, transmission electron microscopy, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics to profile hepatopancreas responses of Exopalaemon carinicauda during acute sulfate stress (≤48 h). Sulfate exposure disrupted tubular architecture and organelle integrity, consistent with early cellular injury. Multi-omics analyses revealed metabolic reprogramming marked by suppressed glycolysis (e.g., HK2, ENO) and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (e.g., ATP5F1B), together with activation of calcium signaling (e.g., SLC8A1, ADCY9) and reinforcement of antioxidant/one-carbon and glucose-branch pathways (e.g., SHMT2, PGAM2). These coordinated transcript-protein changes indicate a shift from rapid cytosolic ATP supply to mitochondrial ATP production while buffering Ca[2+] overload and reactive oxygen species. Collectively, our results delineate the physiological and molecular adjustments that enable E. carinicauda to cope with sulfate conditions and provide mechanistic targets for selective breeding and water-quality management in saline-alkaline aquaculture.},
}

Animals
*Palaemonidae/metabolism/genetics/drug effects
*Hepatopancreas/metabolism/drug effects/ultrastructure
*Sulfates/toxicity
Proteomics/methods
*Stress, Physiological
Transcriptome
Multiomics

@article {pmid41595990,
year = {2026},
author = {Ha, S and Lee, T and Seo, H and Yoon, S and Lee, H},
title = {A Selective RAG-Enhanced Hybrid ML-LLM Framework for Efficient and Explainable Fatigue Prediction Using Wearable Sensor Data.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41595990},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {RS-2024-00457381//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; RS-2024-00440371//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {Fatigue is a multifactorial phenomenon affecting both physical and psychological performance, particularly in high-stress occupations. Although wearable sensors enable continuous monitoring, conventional machine-learning (ML) models can produce unstable, weakly calibrated, and opaque predictions in real-world settings. To improve reliability and interpretability, we developed a selective Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-enhanced hybrid ML-LLM framework that integrates the efficiency of ML with the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). Using wearable and ecological momentary assessment data from 297 emergency responders (9543 seven-day windows), logistic regression, XGBoost, and LSTM models were trained to classify fatigue levels dichotomized by the median of daily tiredness scores. The LLM was selectively activated only for borderline ML outputs (0.45 ≤ p ≤ 0.55), using symbolic rules and retrieved analog examples. In the uncertainty region, performance improved from 0.556/0.684/0.635/0.659 to 0.617/0.703/0.748/0.725 (accuracy/precision/recall/F1). On the full test set, performance similarly improved from 0.707/0.739/0.918/0.819 to 0.718/0.741/0.937/0.827, with gains confirmed by McNemar's paired comparison test (p < 0.05). SHAP-based ML interpretation and LLM reasoning analyses independently identified short-term sleep duration and heart-rate variability as dominant predictors, providing transparent explanations for model behavior. This framework enhances classification robustness, interpretability, and efficiency, offering a scalable solution for real-world fatigue monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41595397,
year = {2026},
author = {Jean-Baptiste, CO},
title = {A Prevention-Focused Geospatial Epidemiology Framework for Identifying Multilevel Vulnerability Across Diverse Settings.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41595397},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer essential capabilities for identifying spatial concentrations of vulnerability and strengthening context-aware prevention strategies. This manuscript describes a geospatial architecture designed to generate anticipatory, place-based risk identification applicable across diverse community and institutional environments. Interpersonal Violence (IPV), one of several preventable harms that benefit from this spatially informed analysis, remains a critical public health challenge shaped by structural, ecological, and situational factors. Methods: The conceptual framework presented integrates de-identified surveillance data, ecological indicators, environmental and temporal dynamics into a unified spatial epidemiological model. Multilevel data layers are geocoded, spatially matched, and analyzed using clustering (e.g., Getis-Ord Gi*), spatial dependence metrics (e.g., Moran's I), and contextual modeling to support anticipatory identification of elevated vulnerability. Framework Outputs: The model is designed to identify spatial clustering, mobility-linked risk patterns, and emerging escalation zones using neighborhood disadvantage, built-environment factors, and situational markers. Outputs are intended to support both clinical decision-making (e.g., geocoded trauma screening, and context-aware discharge planning), and community-level prevention (e.g., targeted environmental interventions and cross-sector resource coordination). Conclusions: This framework synthesizes behavioral theory, spatial epidemiology, and prevention science into an integrative architecture for coordinated public health response. As a conceptual foundation for future empirical research, it advances the development of more dynamic, spatially informed, and equity-focused prevention systems.},
}